ch. 16 - education
head start program
a federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status
tracking
a formalized sorting system that places students on "tracks" (advanced, low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities
education
a social institution thru which a society's children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, & cultural norms
no child left behind act
an act that requires states to test students in prescribed grades, with the results of those tests determining eligibility to receive federal funding
sorting
classifying students based on academic merit or potential
cultural capital
cultural knowledge that serves (metaphorically) as currency to help one navigate a culture -example: malik grew up in an affluent household which embraced activities such as attending the opera, visiting museums, & traveling. when he goes to college, malik finds he has much to talk about with professors & fellow students from similar backgrounds.
informal education
education that involves learning about cultural values, norms, & expected behaviors thru participation in a society
credentialism
the emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill, has attained a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualifications
universal acess
the equal ability of all ppl to participate in an education system
grade inflation
the idea that the achievement level associated with an A today is notably lower than the achievement level associated with A-level work a few decades ago
formal education
the learning of academic facts & concepts
hidden curriculum
the type of nonacademic knowledge that ppl learn thru informal learning & cultural transmission
social placement
the use of education to improve one's social standing
cultural transmission
the way ppl come to learn the values, beliefs, & social norms of their culture
mills vs board of education of the district of columbia
which court case set the precedent for access to education within the US for students with disabilities?
pierre bourdeiu
which sociologist studied how cultural capital helps an individual navigate their culture?