Ch. 17-22 Test

Sanitary landfills typically have problems with a. rodents and insects b. odor c. uncovered, open garbage d. traffic, noise, and dust e. spread of disease

? (not c for sure)

Which of the following forms of energy is a renewable resource a. Synthetic oil b. Breeder fission c. Biomass d. Oil shale e. Synthetic natural gas

Biomass

Underground burial

Injection into deep wells

Neutralization

Involves mixing waste with other chemicals to produce less toxic substances

Incineration

Process that can cause secondary pollutants in the atmosphere

reduce the amount made

The easiest and cheapest method

Bio remediation

The process by which organisms process the waste and remove it from the ecosystem

A typical call burning power plant uses 4500 tons of cobra day. Each pound of coal produces 5000 BTUs of electrical energy. How many BTUs are produced each day from this plant a. 4.5×10^10 b. 0.45×10^10 c. 11.5×10^3 d. 4.5×10^8 e. 0.25×10^6

a. 4.5×10^10

Which of the following is not a direct source of groundwater pollution a. Automobile exhaust b. Waste water lagoons c. Underground storage tanks d. Waste injected into deep wells e. Pesticides sprayed on the land

a. Automobile exhaust

Burning of biomass a. Can cause soil erosion, water pollution, and loss of wildlife habitat b. Does not cause water pollution c. Releases more air pollution per unit of energy produced then does uncontrolled burning of coal d. Releases more carbon dioxide per ton burned then does Coal e. Requires little land

a. Can cause soil erosion, water pollution, and loss of wildlife habitat

Which is not one of the countries that receives a large percentage of the U.S. e-waste? a. Canada b. China c. India d. Pakistan e. Nigeria

a. Canada

Of the following methods of reducing hazardous waste the most desirable is a. Conversion to less hazardous materials, b. deposit in ocean trenches, c. incineration, d. recycling and reusing hazardous waste, e. perpetual storage

a. Conversion to less hazardous materials

Development of renewable energy resources would a. Eliminate the need for oil imports b. Cost money c. Decrease in military, economic, and environmental security d. Produce more air pollution per unit of energy e. Cost jobs

a. Eliminate the need for oil imports

An advantage associated with the development and use of geothermal energy systems is that a. Geothermal energy sources are vast, reliable, and potentially renewable for areas near reservoir sites b. It requires a high land use c. Geothermal power plants that do not require cooling water d. Carbon dioxide is the only air pollutant produced e. There is no risk of harm for environmental impact

a. Geothermal energy sources are vast, reliable, and potentially renewable for areas near reservoir sites

The lowest average generating cost comes from what energy source a. Large hydroelectric facilities b. Geothermal c. Nuclear d. Solar photovoltaic e. Coal

a. Large hydroelectric facilities

In the 1970s houses were built over a toxic chemical waste disposal site this case study is known as a. Love canal b. Bet Trang c. Bhopal d. Brownfield e. Chernobyl

a. Love canal

Improving energy efficiency does all of the following except a. eliminate excess jobs, b. improve national security by reducing dependence on oil imports, c. make nonrenewable fossil fuel's supplies last longer, d. provide a longer time for phasing in renewable energy sources, e. reduce environmental damage

a. eliminate excess jobs,

All of the following statements regarding the use of solar cookers are true except they a. Can be built locally b. Are expensive to purchase c. Can save time and labor d. Can reduce deforestation e. Reduce indoor air pollution

b. Are expensive to purchase

All of the following are features of passive Solar design except a. Flagstone floor used for heat storage b. Coniferous trees blocking the sun all year c. Adobe walls used for heat storage d. Summer cooling vents in the roof e. Windows on the south side of the house

b. Coniferous trees blocking the sun all year

Which of the following is not an advantage of building a hydroelectric power plant a. Low pollution b. High construction cost c. Relatively low operating cost d. Control flooding e. Moderate to high net useful energy

b. High construction cost

cogeneration a. Combines passive solar and active solar technology b. Involves both electricity and natural gas c. Uses waste heat to produce electricity d. uses heat from the earth to produce electricity e. Involves instruments like heat pumps that can generate heating and cooling

b. Involves both electricity and natural gas

A sustainable energy future is least likely to encourage a. Taxing of fossil fuels with energy assistance to the poor b. No government influence on personal decisions about purchases of energy consuming goods c. Greatly increased use of perpetual and renewable resources d. Tax credits for buying efficient cars e. phasing out of government subsidies for nonrenewable resources

b. No government influence on personal decisions about purchases of energy consuming goods

What is the largest type of domestic solid waste in the United States a. Yard waste b. Paper c. Plastic d. Glass e. Metal

b. Paper

Which of the following is most readily recyclable a. Plastic b. Paper c. Metal d. Glass e. All are equally and readily recyclable

b. Paper

Only about 10% of the potential energy of gasoline is used in powering an automobile. The remaining energy is lost as low-quality heat. This is an example of the a. First law of the thermodynamics b. Second law of thermodynamics c. Law of conservation of energy d. First law of efficiency e. Law of supply and demand

b. Second law of thermodynamics

If you were designing a house in the United States you live in a cold climate and you wanted it to be as energy efficient as possible you would please large windows they capture solar energy on which side of the house a. North b. South c. East d. West e. It makes no difference on which side

b. South

Photovoltaic cells produce electricity by a. A system of mirrors that focuses only onto a heat collection device b. Using the suns energy to create a flow of electrons in a material such as silicon c. Breaking down organic molecules and releasing energy d. Warming air which spins a turbine e. Acting as a catalyst to burn oil cleanly

b. Using the suns energy to create a flow of electrons in a material such as silicon

Which of the following is a source of moderate to high net energy a. Tar sands b. Wind c. Fission d. Synthetic natural gas e. Geothermal

b. Wind

The term vampire appliances correctly refers to appliances that a. Generate more power than they consume b. consume electricity even when they are not operating c. Are energy star rated d. Program to turn themselves off at midnight each night e. Have more than one transformer

b. consume electricity even when they are not operating

The estimated net useful energy of oil, natural gas, and coal is a. Moderate and stable, b. high and decreasing, c. moderate and increasing, d. High and increasing, e. low and increasing

b. high and decreasing,

The real cost of dumping hazardous waste is born by the a. Recyclers of the waste, b. the taxpayers who pay to clean up disposal messes, c. the disposer of the waste, d. the people who live in affluent areas, e. producers of the waste

b. the taxpayers who pay to clean up disposal messes

A sample of radioactive material has a half-life of 20 years. it has an activity of 2 curies. How many years does it take for material to have an activity level of 0.25 curies? a. 20 b. 40 c. 60 d. 80 e. 100

c. 60

Country that has made the largest commitment to increasing its share of renewable energy resources is a. United States b. Russian federation c. China d. Saudi Arabia e. Iran

c. China

Which of the following statements is false a. There is not enough financial capital to develop all our energy alternatives b. Should not depend on only one source of energy but should develop a mix of perpetual and renewable energy sources c. Energy production should be centralized as much as possible to increase efficiency d. Improving energy efficiency is the best option available to produce more energy e. A and B

c. Energy production should be centralized as much as possible to increase efficiency

Which of the following is the most common way of disposing of municipal solid waste a. Recycling b. Composting c. Placing in landfills d. Burning e. Transporting to other countries

c. Placing in landfills

Methane gas and ethanol are two examples of bio gases that are produced in which of the following processes a. The distillation of oil b. The pressurization of natural gas c. The anaerobic digestion of biomass d. The catalytic reaction of coal and lime stone e. Breakdown of water by Electricity

c. The anaerobic digestion of biomass

The fastest growing renewable energy resource today is a. Nuclear b. Coal c. Wind d. Large scale hydro electric e. Geothermal

c. Wind

Which of the following produces the least amount of carbon dioxide while generating electricity a. Oil b. Coal c. Wind turbines d. Wood e. Diesel fuel

c. Wind turbines

Individuals can reduce inputs of hazardous waste by all of the following except a. Using rechargeable batteries, b. using biodegradable cleaning products, c. changing automobile oil and dumping it carefully into Marked storm drains, d. consulting local environmental agencies for safe disposal methods for hazardous chemicals, e. none of the above

c. changing automobile oil and dumping it carefully into Marked storm drain

Which of the following statements about Landfill leaching is false? a. Rain filtering through landfills leeches toxic materials, b. contaminated Leechate can seep from the bottom of landfills, c. contaminated groundwater is never a problem with landfills, d. older unlined landfills may have particularly bad water pollution problems, e. none of the above

c. contaminated groundwater is never a problem with landfills,

According to Armory Loggins, the fastest, easiest, and cheapest way to get more energy with the least environmental impact is to a. Improve photovoltaics, b. switch to natural gas transportation, c. eliminate energy waste, d. initiate the second wave of nuclear power plants in the United States, e. develop wind power

c. eliminate energy waste,

At this time the most important way to save energy and money and transportation is to a. Require mandatory mass transportation b. switch to electric engines c. increase the fuel efficiency of motor vehicles d. switch to hydrogen powered cars e. Ban cars in cities

c. increase the fuel efficiency of motor vehicles

A waste is considered hazardous if it possesses one of four properties. Which of the following is not one of those properties? a. flammable b. unstable c. soluble d. corrosive e. carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic

c. soluble

Since 1995 superfund has been primarily funded by a. Taxes on all industries and fines on identified polluters, b. identified polluters, c. taxpayers, d. taxes on all industries, e. superfund is no longer a funded program

c. taxpayers,

A regular lightbulb has an efficiency rating of 3%. For every 1.00 jewel of energy that bulb uses, the amount of useful energy produced is a. 1.03 jewels of light b. 1.03 jewels of heat c. 0.97 J of light d. 0.03 jewels of light e. 0.03 jewels of heat

d. 0.03 jewels of light

A fuel's net energy yield is correctly defined as a. how much of the fuel is left in the world b. how much time it takes to extract and transport c. A comparison between the amount of pollution the fuel generates and the amount of useful energy produced d. A comparison between the cost of mining, processing, and transporting a few on the amount of useful energy the fuel generates e. A comparison between the amount of fuel in reserve and the speed at which the fuel is being removed

d. A comparison between the cost of mining, processing, and transporting a few on the amount of useful energy the fuel generates

Potentially renewable biomass is currently being exploited in unsustainable ways because of a. Inefficient burning of wood in open fires b. Use of inefficient stoves c. Soil erosion d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

The solar hydrogen revolution could be encouraged by a. Convincing private investors to risk capital in investing in hydrogen b. Convincing the government to put up some money for hydrogen development as it did for fossil fuels and nuclear energy in the past c. Phasing in full cost pricing of fossil fuel's d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

All of the following are true about sanitary landfills except that they a. Have methods of monitoring leaks in the clay plastic liners b. Pipe generated methane gas to storage tanks c. Pump leachate out of the landfill for treatment and disposal d. Are built so that trash sits on top of the land e. Contain clay and plastic liners that prevent leachate from entering the soil

d. Are built so that trash sits on top of the land

About 70% of US hazardous waste comes from a. Agricultural pesticides b. Smelting, mining, and metal manufacturing c. Nuclear power plants d. Chemical and petroleum industries e. Households

d. Chemical and petroleum industries

Which of the following alternatives would not lead to sustainable energy future a. Phaseout nuclear power subsidies b. Create policies to encourage governments to purchase renewable energy devices c. Assess penalties or taxes on continuous use of coal and oil d. Decrease fuel efficiency standards for cars appliances and HVAC systems e. Create tax incentives for independent power producers

d. Decrease fuel efficiency standards for cars appliances and HVAC systems

The least efficient energy conversion Device listed is a. Steam turbine b. Fuel cell c. Fluorescent lightbulb d. Incandescent lightbulb e. Internal combustion engine

d. Incandescent lightbulb

All of the following are ways to increase energy efficiency except a. Using low volume showers sprayheads b. Insulating your home thoroughly c. Switching incandescent lightbulbs to fluorescent bulbs d. Leaving room lights on e. Increasing fuel efficiency of vehicles

d. Leaving room lights on

All nonrenewable resource power plants use heat to a. Make hot air that generate power b. Create powerful magnetic field that make Elektricity c. Create powerful water jets that spin turbines d. Produce steam to turn electric generators e. Split water into hydrogen and oxygen that is then burned to make electricity

d. Produce steam to turn electric generators

Which act established a federal authority for emergency response and cleanup of hazardous substances that have been spilled, in properly dispose of, or released into the environment a. Resource recovery act b. Resource conservation and recovery act c. Solid waste disposal act d. Superfund e. Hazardous materials transportation act

d. Superfund

The superfund program pays a. All of these answers b. For testing for lead in paint water and air samples c. To monitor hazardous waste d. To clean up in active or abandoned hazardous waste dump sites e. The doctors bills and lawyers fees for pollution events

d. To clean up in active or abandoned hazardous waste dump sites

Evaluations of by remediation indicate that is most effective for a. Toxic metals, b. concentrated chemical waste, c. complex mixtures of toxic chemicals, d. a few specific organic wastes, e. none of the above

d. a few specific organic wastes,

Government use ______ to manipulate the energy playing field a. Tax breaks, b. regulations, c. subsidies, d. all of the above, e. B and C only

d. all of the above,

The resource conservation and recovery act of 1976 a. Requires the EPA to set standards for hazardous waste management, b. requires all firms that handle more than 100 kg of hazardous waste per month to have a permit stating how such wastes are to be managed, c. provides guidelines and financial aid to establish state waste management programs, d. all of the above, e. none of the above

d. all of the above,

The energy resource that most improves the quality of the environment is a. biomass, b. hydrogen gas, c. geothermal energy, d. improved energy efficiency, e. wind energy

d. improved energy efficiency,

Using a tire to make a swing is an example of a. refuse b. reduce c. reuse d. repurpose e. recycle

d. repurpose

Which of the following would least protect children from lead poisoning a. Testing all community sources of drinking water for lead contamination, b. removing lead from piping, c. testing for lead glazing in ceramics, d. switching from wooden to mechanical pencils, e. eliminating leaded paint and contaminated dust and housing

d. switching from wooden to mechanical pencils,

The country that is the worlds largest producer of geothermal electricity is the a. Philippines, b. Iceland, c. Finland, d. the United States, e. China

d. the United States,

How much energy, NKW age, is used by a 100 W computer running for five hours a. 500 b. 200 c. 100 d. 50 e. 0.5

e. 0.5

Which of the following techniques is not an example of bio remediation a. Land farming b. Composting c. Rhizo filtration d. Phytoremediation e. All are examples of bio remediation

e. All are examples of bio remediation

Components of a modern State of the Art landfill include a. Wells to monitor potential contamination of groundwater b. Collection, storage, and treatment of leachate c. A Cover to prevent water from seeping in when a landfill is full d. Methane gas recovery well e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Which of the following methods of handling solid wastes is against the law in the United States a. Incineration b. Dumping in open landfills c. Burying it underground d. Exporting the material to foreign countries e. Dumping the material in open ocean

e. Dumping the material in open ocean

Hybrid car engines have which of the following types of motors a. Gasoline powered only b. Natural gas powered only c. Electric powered only d. Gasoline and natural gas powered engines e. Gasoline and electric powered engines

e. Gasoline and electric powered engines

The major source of solid waste in the United States is a. Homes b. Factories c. Agriculture d. Petroleum refining e. Mining wastes

e. Mining wastes

Which of the following statements does not reflect of the thinking of Armory Lovins a. The answers you get depend on the questions you ask b. The cheapest way to get more electricity is to convert to Efficiant lighting equipment c. Energy efficiency and conservation are the cheapest ways to achieve low temperature heating and cooling d. The way to develop a sound energy policy is to define your energy sources and find the most efficient ways to increase each of them e. None of the above

e. None of the above

Which Of the following statements is true a. Recycling is more expensive than trash collection and disposal b. Landfills and incinerators are more cost-effective and environmentally sound than recycling options c. The marketplace works best in solving solid waste management problems; no public sector intervention is needed d. Landfills are significant job generators for rural communities e. None of the above are true

e. None of the above are true

Which of the following forms of energy has low short-term availability a. Solar energy b. Synthetic oil derived from Coal c. Nuclear energy d. Coal e. Petroleum

e. Petroleum

Which of the following correctly explains what happens to the level of oxygen dissolved in water when organic waste is put in the water a. The levels would remain the same after the waste is added b. Levels will increase because of the availability of nutrients to animals that live in the water c. The levels would increase because of the higher temperatures of the water d. The levels would decrease because of the waste absorbing the oxygen e. The levels would decrease because of the bacteria feeding of the waist and using the oxygen to live

e. The levels would decrease because of the bacteria feeding of the waist and using the oxygen to live

Deep well disposal of liquid hazardous waste is a. A complex process, b. less visible than other waste disposal methods, c. more carefully regulated than other waste disposal methods, d. the most expensive waste disposal method, e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Which of the following does not fit into one of the types of solid waste? a. garbage b. potentially recyclable materials c. mining waste d. food grower waste e. chemically active waste

e. chemically active waste

As a form of waste reduction, reuse does all of the following except a. decreases the use of matter resources b. decreases the use of energy resources c. cuts pollution and waste d. creates local jobs e. costs money

e. costs money

Utilities make money by selling electricity to make more money they have often encouraged Customers to use even more electricity this lack of incentive to improve energy efficiency creates a a. Helpful Negative Feedback loop b. Helpful positive feedback loop c. Synergistic effect d. Harmful negative feedback loop e. harmful positive feedback loop

e. harmful positive feedback loop

Which of the following statements about disposal of hazardous waste is false? a. waste disposal firms can charge my prices for picking up hazardous-waste b. waste disposal firms in the United States and other industrialized nations have ship hazardous waste to other countries c. in 1944 the United States did not sign a ban on exporting hazardous waste from developed countries to developing countries d. hazardous waste has often been labeled exports for recycling even though they are often dumped in importing countries e. most legal US exports of hazardous waste go to Mexico and Panama

e. most legal US exports of hazardous waste go to Mexico and Panama

Which of the five R's is the least desirable from an environmental standpoint? a. refuse b. reduce c. reuse d. repurpose e. recycle

e. recycle