CH 17 blood

Each hemoglobin can transport ________ oxygen atoms. A. 4 B. 40 C. 400 D. 4000

A. 4

The target organ of erythropoietin is the ______. A. kidney B. liver C. thymus D. red bone marrow

A. kidney

Which ABO blood type is considered to be the universal recipient? B O A AB

AB

A person who lacks agglutinogen A but has agglutinogen B would have blood type __________. A AB O B

B Someone with type B blood only has agglutinogen B on their erythrocytes.

What percentage of our blood is plasma? A. 90% B. 55% C. 45% D. 65%

B. 55%

After centrifuging, of the listed blood components, which contains the components of immune function? A. Plasma B. Buffy coat C. Erythrocytes D. Hematocrit

B. Buffy coat

Why don't platelets form plugs in undamaged vessels? A. Platelets aren't formed until vessel damage occurs. B. Only contact of platelets with exposed collagen fibers causes them to be sticky and form plugs. C. Plugs do form, but are removed by macrophages. D. Platelets don't form plugs, it is the megakaryocytes that form the plugs.

B. Only contact of platelets with exposed collagen fibers causes them to be sticky and form plugs.

What response would you expect after traveling to high altitude for two weeks? A. Blood levels of oxygen would remain depressed for the duration. B. A surge in iron release from the liver would occur. C. The kidneys would secrete elevated amounts of erythropoietin. D. There would be no change in blood composition.

C. The kidneys would secrete elevated amounts of erythropoietin.

An elevated neutrophil count would be indicative of ________. A. an allergic reaction B. a cancer C. an acute bacterial infection D. a parasidic infection

C. an acute bacterial infection

Oxygen binds to the _______ portion of hemoglobin. A. globin B. oxyhemoglobin C. iron atom D. amino acid

C. iron atom

A hematopoietic stem cell will give rise to __________. A. erythrocytes B. leukocytes C. platelets D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Choose the incompatible transfusion. Donate type O blood to a recipient with type AB blood. Donate type A blood to a recipient with type AB blood. Donate type B blood to a recipient with type AB blood. Donate type B blood to a recipient with type O blood.

Donate type B blood to a recipient with type O blood. A person with type B blood can only give blood to people of type AB and B blood.

What is a hematocrit? Hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample. Hematocrit is the percentage of all formed elements in a whole blood sample. Hematocrit is the percentage of leukocytes and platelets in a whole blood sample. Hematocrit is the percentage of plasma in a whole blood sample.

Hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample. Although the percent sign is usually omitted, the hematocrit, which in this figure is 45, is the percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood. The height of the erythrocyte layer is divided by the total height of the material.

Which blood type is generally called the universal donor? O AB A B

O

Which of these is true of the materials making up the buffy coat in centrifuged blood? They are intermediate in density between erythrocytes and plasma. They are denser than erythrocytes but less dense than plasma. They are less dense than both erythrocytes and plasma. They are denser then plasma and erythrocytes.

They are intermediate in density between erythrocytes and plasma. Centrifugation separates materials by density. Materials in the buffy coat are intermediate in density between erythrocytes and plasma.

All lymphocytes are also leukocytes. True False

True Lymphocytes are specialized leukocytes. Lymphocytes include T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells.

Which statement is true? A person with type AB blood does produce agglutinins. Type O is the universal recipient. Type A blood cannot be given to people with type B blood. Type AB is the universal donor.

Type A blood cannot be given to people with type B blood. People with type B blood produce antibodies against A type blood, this transfusion would cause a cross reaction.

Which of the following is NOT a formed element in whole blood? erythrocytes platelets leukocytes albumin

albumin Albumin is a protein that would be found in the plasma.

Which of the following is present in a red blood cell? a. Nucleus b. Plasma membrane c. Ribosome d. Mitochondrion

b. Plasma membrane

What part of the body does erythropoietin (EPO) target to increase erythropoiesis? kidneys bone marrow liver lungs

bone marrow The bone marrow, specifically red marrow, is the site of blood cell production and is stimulated by erythropoietin.

Which of the formed elements is present in the greatest concentration? agranular leukocytes platelets granular leukocytes erythrocytes

erythrocytes The erythrocytes (red blood cells) make up about 45% of whole blood.

Each hemoglobin molecule can transport two molecules of oxygen. True False

false

AB blood type is the universal blood recipient because of that type's lack of agglutinogens. True False

false AB blood type is the universal blood recipient because of that type's lack of antibodies.

The immediate response to blood vessel injury is clotting. True False

false the immediate response is vascular spasm

How many oxygen molecules can be transported by one hemoglobin molecule? two four eight

four Each Fe2+ ion can bind to a single oxygen molecule.

Which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood? polymorphonuclear cell hemocytoblast normoblast megakaryocyte

hemocytoblast

What is the name of the protein found in erythrocytes that transports respiratory gases? antibodies fibrinogen albumin hemoglobin

hemoglobin Other than water, hemoglobin makes up almost the entire contents of an erythrocyte. It can bind both oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? distribution regulation hormone production protection

hormone production The blood does not produce hormones.

Which of the following does NOT stimulate erythrocyte production? a drop in normal blood oxygen levels testosterone erythropoietin hyperventilating

hyperventilating Hyperventilating leads to an above-normal level of oxygen in the blood, which would not stimulate RBC production.

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production? pancreas liver brain kidney

kidney

Which granulated leukocyte is most likely to be active during a bacterial infection? lymphocytes basophils monocytes neutrophils

neutrophils Neutrophils are active in phagocytizing bacteria.

Which of these represents the majority of whole blood by volume? leukocytes platelets plasma erythrocytes

plasma Plasma typically constitutes 55% of whole blood, although this value can vary somewhat.

Which step in hemostasis involves activation of formed elements in the blood? platelet plug formation coagulation fibrin production vascular spasm

platelet plug formation Platelets are formed elements that are activated by damaged tissue. Platelets for a temporary plug preventing blood loss.

In a centrifuged sample of blood, what should NOT be in the plasma portion of the sample? albumin platelets electrolytes fibrinogen

platelets Platelets are dense enough that they should be in the buffy coat layer.

Which formed element can be described as membrane-enclosed cytoplasmic fragments? lymphocytes platelets erythrocytes monocytes

platelets Platelets can be referred to as cytoplasmic fragments because they form as packets of cytoplasm are pinched off the megakaryocyte.

A mismatch of blood types during a transfusion is dangerous because ________. antibodies in the donor's plasma will attack and kill the recipient's healthy blood cells white blood cells from the donor's blood cause inflammation clotting factors in the donor's blood will cause unwanted clots known as thrombus preformed antibodies in the recipient's blood will bind and clump (agglutinate) the donated cells

preformed antibodies in the recipient's blood will bind and clump (agglutinate) the donated cells

An individual who is blood type AB negative can ________. receive any blood type in moderate amounts except that with the Rh antigen donate to types A, B, and AB, but not to type O receive types A, B, and AB, but not type O donate to all blood types in moderate amounts

receive any blood type in moderate amounts except that with the Rh antigen

What triggers erythropoietin (EPO) production to make new red blood cells? too many platelets reduced availability of oxygen excess oxygen in the bloodstream a high hematocrit

reduced availability of oxygen Reduced oxygen delivery to the kidneys will result in the release of erythropoietin (EPO), which in turn promotes the release of more erythrocytes from the bone marrow.

Hemostasis is important for __________. red blood cell recycling red blood cell production stoppage of bleeding white blood cell production

stoppage of bleeding Hemostasis leads to stoppage of bleeding. The hemostasis response is fast, localized, and controlled. It involves clotting factors and substances released by damaged tissue and platelets.

A person with type B blood could receive blood from a person with either type B or type O blood. True False

true

All lymphocytes are leukocytes, but not all leukocytes are lymphocytes. True False

true

Granulocytes called neutrophils are phagocytic and are the most numerous of all white blood cell types. True False

true

Mature erythrocytes lack a nucleus. True False

true One of the structural characteristics of erythrocytes is the lack of a nucleus. This leads to a biconcave disk shape in the cell that increases the surface area to volume ratio. Additionally, RBCs lack mitochondria.