CH 19 Blood Vessels

which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension?

170/96 in a 50-year-old man

normal average blood pressure for a newborn baby is ___

90/55

which statement best describes arteries?

All carry blood away from the heart

which statement is true regarding the movement of materials at the level of a capillary?

CO2 is transported into the interstitial fluid before entering the capillary

permitting the exchange of nutrients and gasses between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ___

Capillaries

which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?

Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood

the most common blood capillary is the:

Continuous capillary

which of the following is NOT one of the 3 main factors influencing blood pressure?

Emotional state

the arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the ___

Muscular arteries

which of the following chemicals does NOT help regulate blood pressure?

Nitric acid

aldosterone will ___

Promote an increase in blood pressure

which of the following processes provides a long-term response to changes in blood pressure?

Renal regulation

the pulse pressure is ___

Systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

which of the following would NOT result in the dilation of the feeder arterioles and opening of the precapillary sphincters in systemic capillary beds?

a local increase in histamine

the term DUCTUS VENOSUS refers to ___

a special fetal vessel that allows umbilical blood to bypass the liver

the short-term controls of blood pressure, mediated by the nervous system and bloodborne chemicals, primarily operate via all but which of the following?

altering blood volume

where does blood flow travel the fastest?

aorta

the arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called ___

arterioles

secondary hypertension can be caused by ____

arteriosclerosis

which of the choices below does NOT involve tissue perfusion?

blood clotting

select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure

blood flow through the entire vascular system is is equivalent to cardiac output

which of the following is the most significant source of blood flow resistance?

blood vessel diameter

the exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues is a major function of:

capillaries

the baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch are sensitive to which of the following?

changes in arterial pressure

a patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of 200/120 mmHg. this hypertensive state could result in all of the following changes EXCEPT ___

decreased size of the heart muscle

what is the most responsible for propelling blood in the arterial system during cardiac diastole?

elastic recoil of conducting arterial walls

arteriolar blood pressure increases in response to all but which of the following?

falling blood volume

which of the following is NOT true regarding fenestrated capillaries?

fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier

the special circulatory pathway between the GIT and the liver is called:

hepatic portal system

which of the choices below reflects the balance (or imbalance) between the direction and amount of fluid that flows across the capillary walls?

hydrostatic and osmotic pressure

peripheral resistance ___

increases as blood viscosity increases

blood flow to the skin ___

increases when environmental temperature rises

cerebral blood flow is regulated by ___

intrinsic autoregulatory mechanisms

brain blood flow autoregulation ___

is abolished when abnormally high CO2

in the dynamics of blood flow through the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure ___

is the same as capillary blood pressure

which of the following statements regarding the hepatic portal system is false?

it branches off the inferior vena cava

what do the ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale become at birth?

ligamentum arteriosum: fossa ovalis

which of the choices below does NOT explain why low capillary pressures are desirable?

low blood pressure is associated with longer life span than high blood pressure

where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasodilation?

lungs

if blood pressure is almost normal in a person who has lost blood, does that mean the tissues are receiving adequate blood flow?

no

which of the following signs of hypovolemic shock is a relatively late sign?

rapidly falling blood pressure

a thrombus (blood clot) in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect the flow of blood to the ___

right side of the head and neck and right upper arm

which of the following are involved directly in pulmonary circulation?

right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and left atrium

the form of circulatory shock known as hypovolemic shock is ___

shock that results from large-scale loss of blood volume, or after severe vomiting or diarrhea

the influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is ___

significant because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius

modified capillaries that are lined with phagocytes are called ___

sinusoids

immediately following strenuous and/or vigorous exercise, which of the following is most likely to occur?

the capillaries of active muscles will be dilated and full of blood

which of the choices below explains why the arterioles are knows as resistance vessels?

the contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter

mechanisms that do NOT help regulate blood pressure include ___

the dural sinus reflex

the lowest venous blood pressure is found within:

the venae cavae

which of the following do NOT influence arterial pulse rate?

the vessel selected to palpate

the endothelium is in which arterial tunic?

tunica interna/intima

histologically, the ___ is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue layer

tunica intima

which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?

tunica media

factors that aid venous return include all EXCEPT ___

urinary output

which of these is a type of circulatory shock?

vascular, due to extreme vasodilation as a result of loss of vasomotor tone

which of the following is true about veins?

veins are called capacitance vessels or blood reservoirs