CH 19 Blood Vessels
which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension?
170/96 in a 50-year-old man
normal average blood pressure for a newborn baby is ___
90/55
which statement best describes arteries?
All carry blood away from the heart
which statement is true regarding the movement of materials at the level of a capillary?
CO2 is transported into the interstitial fluid before entering the capillary
permitting the exchange of nutrients and gasses between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ___
Capillaries
which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?
Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood
the most common blood capillary is the:
Continuous capillary
which of the following is NOT one of the 3 main factors influencing blood pressure?
Emotional state
the arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the ___
Muscular arteries
which of the following chemicals does NOT help regulate blood pressure?
Nitric acid
aldosterone will ___
Promote an increase in blood pressure
which of the following processes provides a long-term response to changes in blood pressure?
Renal regulation
the pulse pressure is ___
Systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
which of the following would NOT result in the dilation of the feeder arterioles and opening of the precapillary sphincters in systemic capillary beds?
a local increase in histamine
the term DUCTUS VENOSUS refers to ___
a special fetal vessel that allows umbilical blood to bypass the liver
the short-term controls of blood pressure, mediated by the nervous system and bloodborne chemicals, primarily operate via all but which of the following?
altering blood volume
where does blood flow travel the fastest?
aorta
the arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called ___
arterioles
secondary hypertension can be caused by ____
arteriosclerosis
which of the choices below does NOT involve tissue perfusion?
blood clotting
select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure
blood flow through the entire vascular system is is equivalent to cardiac output
which of the following is the most significant source of blood flow resistance?
blood vessel diameter
the exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues is a major function of:
capillaries
the baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch are sensitive to which of the following?
changes in arterial pressure
a patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of 200/120 mmHg. this hypertensive state could result in all of the following changes EXCEPT ___
decreased size of the heart muscle
what is the most responsible for propelling blood in the arterial system during cardiac diastole?
elastic recoil of conducting arterial walls
arteriolar blood pressure increases in response to all but which of the following?
falling blood volume
which of the following is NOT true regarding fenestrated capillaries?
fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier
the special circulatory pathway between the GIT and the liver is called:
hepatic portal system
which of the choices below reflects the balance (or imbalance) between the direction and amount of fluid that flows across the capillary walls?
hydrostatic and osmotic pressure
peripheral resistance ___
increases as blood viscosity increases
blood flow to the skin ___
increases when environmental temperature rises
cerebral blood flow is regulated by ___
intrinsic autoregulatory mechanisms
brain blood flow autoregulation ___
is abolished when abnormally high CO2
in the dynamics of blood flow through the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure ___
is the same as capillary blood pressure
which of the following statements regarding the hepatic portal system is false?
it branches off the inferior vena cava
what do the ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale become at birth?
ligamentum arteriosum: fossa ovalis
which of the choices below does NOT explain why low capillary pressures are desirable?
low blood pressure is associated with longer life span than high blood pressure
where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasodilation?
lungs
if blood pressure is almost normal in a person who has lost blood, does that mean the tissues are receiving adequate blood flow?
no
which of the following signs of hypovolemic shock is a relatively late sign?
rapidly falling blood pressure
a thrombus (blood clot) in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect the flow of blood to the ___
right side of the head and neck and right upper arm
which of the following are involved directly in pulmonary circulation?
right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and left atrium
the form of circulatory shock known as hypovolemic shock is ___
shock that results from large-scale loss of blood volume, or after severe vomiting or diarrhea
the influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is ___
significant because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius
modified capillaries that are lined with phagocytes are called ___
sinusoids
immediately following strenuous and/or vigorous exercise, which of the following is most likely to occur?
the capillaries of active muscles will be dilated and full of blood
which of the choices below explains why the arterioles are knows as resistance vessels?
the contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter
mechanisms that do NOT help regulate blood pressure include ___
the dural sinus reflex
the lowest venous blood pressure is found within:
the venae cavae
which of the following do NOT influence arterial pulse rate?
the vessel selected to palpate
the endothelium is in which arterial tunic?
tunica interna/intima
histologically, the ___ is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue layer
tunica intima
which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?
tunica media
factors that aid venous return include all EXCEPT ___
urinary output
which of these is a type of circulatory shock?
vascular, due to extreme vasodilation as a result of loss of vasomotor tone
which of the following is true about veins?
veins are called capacitance vessels or blood reservoirs