Ch 3 abdomen

The first portion of the small intestine is called the:

Duodenum

Situation: A patient with a history of ascites comes to the radiology department. Which position best demonstrates this condition?

Erect AP abdomen.

Which region of the abdomen contains the spleen?

Left hypochondriac

Which of the following is not an accessory organ of digestion? A. Liver B. Gallbladder C. Pancreas D. Kidney

(D Kidney

What is the minimum amount of time a patient should be upright before taking a projection to demonstrate intra-abdominal free air?

5 minutes

Situation: A patient comes to the radiology department with a clinical history of pneumoperitoneum. The patient is able to stand. Which of the following projections best demonstrates this condition?

AP erect abdomen

Situation: A patient with a possible ileus enters the emergency room. The physician orders an acute abdominal series. The patient can stand. Which specific position best demonstrates air/fluid levels in the abdomen?

AP erect abdomen

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity is called:

Ascites

What condition is demonstrated radiographically as general abdominal haziness?

Ascites

Which of the following sets of analog exposure factors would be ideal for abdominal radiography (for a sthenic adult)? A. 110 kV, grid, 40-inch (102-cm) SID B. 78 kV, grid, 40-inch (102-cm) SID C. 78 kV, grid, 72-inch (183-cm) SID D. 65 kV, grid, 40-inch (102-cm) SID

B.

Situation: A patient in intensive care may have developed intra-abdominal bleeding. The patient is in critical condition and cannot go to the radiology department. The physician has ordered a portable study of the abdomen. Which specific position or projection can be used to determine the extent of the bleeding?

Bedside portable, left lateral decubitus could be performed.

Which of the following soft tissue structures are seen on a properly exposed KUB? A. Spleen B. Pancreas C. Psoas muscles D. Stomach

C. Psoas muscles

Which of the following technical factors is essential when using computed radiography (CR) to ensure a high- quality image is produced? A. Low kV B. 72-inch (183-cm) SID C. Large focal spot D Close collimation

D

Free air in the intra-abdominal cavity rises to the level of the _______ in a patient who is in the erect position.

Diaphragm

If the posteroanterior (PA) chest projection is not performed for the acute abdomen series, centering for the erect abdomen projection must include the:

Diaphragm

Situation: A patient with a clinical history of a possible umbilical hernia comes to the radiology department. The KUB is inconclusive. Which additional projection can be undertaken to help confirm the diagnosis?

Dorsal decubitus

Which structure stores and releases bile?

Gallbladder

The inferior margin of the abdomen, the technologist can palpate the symphysis pubis or:

Greater trochanter

Situation: A patient comes into the ER with the history of Crohn's disease. An acute abdomen series is ordered on this patient. Which of the following is the reason for this order?

Identify current inflammation

What condition is demonstrated radiographically as distended, air-filled loops of the small bowel?

Ileus

What compartment of the peritoneum are the strucures located? Ovaries

Infraperitoneum

What compartment of the peritoneum are the strucures located? Urinary bladder

Infraperitoneum

What compartment of the peritoneum are the strucures located? Cecum

Intraperitoneum

What compartment of the peritoneum are the strucures located? Gallbladder

Intraperitoneum

What compartment of the peritoneum are the strucures located? Jejunum

Intraperitoneum

What compartment of the peritoneum are the strucures located? Liver

Intraperitoneum

The telescoping of a section of bowel into another loop is called:

Intussusception

A radiographic image of an AP projection of the abdomen demonstrates motion. The following analog exposure factors were selected: 78 kV, 200 mA, 2/10 second, grid, and 40-inch (102-cm) SID. The technologist is sure that the patient did not breathe or move during the exposure. What may have caused this bluriness? What can be done to correct this problem on the repeat exposure?

It was caused by involuntary motion. To control motion increase MA and decrease exposure time. (Ex 400ma @ 1/10 second)

Situation: The ER physician suspects that a patient has a kidney stone. The patient is sent to the radiology department to confirm the diagnosis. What specific positioning routine would be used to rule out the presence of a kidney stone?

KUB

Situation: A child goes to radiology for an abdomen study. It is possible that he swallowed a coin. The ER physician believes it may be in the upper GI tract. Which of the following routines would best identify the location of the coin?

KUB & later abdomen. (With any foreign body study, two projections 90° opposite are recommended to locate the foreign body.)

What quadrant is the sructure located in: Sigmoid colon

LLQ

What quadrant is the sructure located in: Spleen

LUQ

What quadrant is the sructure located in: Stomach

LUQ

What quadrant is the sructure located in: Pancreas

LUQ AND RUQ

Situation: A patient comes to the radiology department with a clinical history of ascites. The patient is unable to stand or sit erect. Which of the following projections best demonstrates this condition?

Left lateral decubitus

Situation: A patient with a possible perforated bowel caused by trauma enters the ER. The patient is unable to stand. Which projection best demonstrates any possible free air within the abdomen?

Left lateral decubitus

cannot stand? Which specific decubitus position of the abdomen should be used in an acute abdomen series if the patient

Left lateral decubitus

Which structure connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wai?

Mesentery

A KUB radiograph shows that the symphysis pubis was cut off along the bottom of the image. Is this an acceptable radiograph? If it is not, how can this problem be prevented during the repeat exposure?

No its not. KUB must include the symphysis pubis to ensure bladder is seen.

42. Which of the following alternative imaging modalities is most effectively used to evaluate GI motility and reflux?

Nuclear medicine

Most abdominal projections are taken:

On expiration

Another term describing a nonmechanical bowel obstruction is:

Paralytic ileus

The double-walled membrane lining the abdominal cavity is called the:

Peritoneum

Free air or gas in the peritoneal cavity is:

Pneumoperitoneum

What quadrant is the sructure located in: Appendix

RLQ

What quadrant is the sructure located in: Cecum

RLQ

What quadrant is the sructure located in: Gallbladder

RUQ

What quadrant is the sructure located in: Liver

RUQ

What quadrant is the sructure located in: Right colic flexure

RUQ

Situation: A KUB radiograph shows that the gonadal shielding is superior to the upper margin of the symphysis pubis. The female patient has a history of kidney stones. What is the next step the technologist should take?

Repeat the exposure without using gonadal shielding. ( pt may have renal calculi in distal ureters and bladder)

Situation: An obese patient comes to the radiology department for a KUB. The radiograph shows that the symphysis pubis is included on the image, but the upper abdomen, including the kidneys, is cut off. What is the next step the technologist should take?

Repeat the exposure. Use two landscape aligned 14 x 17" image receptor's to include the entire abdomen.

What compartment of the peritoneum are the strucures located? Adrenal glands

Retroperitoneum

What compartment of the peritoneum are the strucures located? Ascending colon

Retroperitoneum

What compartment of the peritoneum are the strucures located? Duodenum

Retroperitoneum

What compartment of the peritoneum are the strucures located? Pancreas

Retroperitoneum

A radiograph of an AP projection of the abdomen shows that the right iliac wing is wider than the left. What type of positioning error was involved?

Rotation toward the right

Which of the following factors best controls the involuntary motion of a young, pediatric patient during abdominal radiography?

Short exposure time

Situation: A patient comes in the ER with possible gallstones. The patient is in severe pain. Which of the following imaging modalities or projections provides the quickest method for confirming the presence of gallstones?

Sonography

A radiograph of an AP projection of an average-size adult abdomen was produced using the following exposure factors: 100 kV, 400 mA, 1/10 second, grid, and 40-inch (102-cm) SID using a film/screen (analog) imaging system. The overall density of the radiograph was acceptable, but the soft tissue structures, such as the psoas muscles and kidneys, were not visible. Which adjustment to the technical considerations enhances the visibility of these structures on the repeat exposure?

The KV is too high, it needs lowered between 70 and 80. MAS can be altered to maintain the density.

A radiograph of an AP abdomen shows the left iliac wing is more narrowed than the right. What specific positioning error caused this?

The patient was rotated into a slight RPO.(The downside ileum will appear wider.)

Situation: A patient with a possible dynamic ileus enters the emergency room. The patient is able to stand. The physician has ordered an acute abdominal series. What specific positioning routine should be used?

Three way acute abdominal series, including AP, supine, erect abdomen and PA chest projections

Situation: A patient with a possible perforated duodenal ulcer enters the emergency room. The ER physician is concerned about the presence of free air in the abdomen. The patient is in severe pain and cannot stand. What positioning routine should be used to diagnose this condition?

Two way acute abdominal series: AP supine abdomen and left later decubitus.

A chronic disease involving inflammation of the large intestine is:

Ulcerative colitis

The kidneys are connected to the bladder by way of the:

Ureter

A KUB radiograph on a large hypersthenic patient shows that the entire breathing abdomen is not included on the 35- X 43-cm (14- x 17-inch) IR. What can be done to correct this on the repeat radiograph?

Use two image receptors placed in landscape orientation.

Situation: A patient comes from the ER with a large distended abdomen caused by an ileus. The physician suspects that the distention is caused by a large amount of bowel gas that is trapped in the small intestine. The analog technique for a KUB on an average, healthy adult is 76 kV, 30 mAs. Should the technologist change any of these exposure factors for this patient? (AEC is not being used.)

Yes. Decrease the MAS. (Air is easier to penetrate than soft tissue, this will prevent over exposure.)

At the junction of the small and large intestine is the:

leocecal valve

An important anatomic landmark that is commonly used to locate the center of the abdomen is the:

lliac crest