Ch 3 history ch2-5

Mulattoes

People of African and European descent

U.S. made Cuba include the

Platt Amendment in New Cuban constitution

Fulgencio Batista took

Power in cuba

Miguel Hidalgo

Priest who began the revolt against Spanish rule in Mexico

Cubs gained independence in the

Spanish American War

Conquistadors were

Spanish explorers

Peninsulares

Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class.

Catholic Churches was caught in between priests and nuns were killed including

St. Archbishop Oscar Romero

Mercantilism

Stresses goals of the government over the individual

2 purposes colonies has

Supply raw materials, serve as markets for the parent country

U.S. gained control of

Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines

Miguel Hidalgo planned to

Return land to Native Americans

1st time in Latin America a

Revolutionary leader gave up power to einnder of democratic election

Rebellion led by

Self educated former slave Toussaint L'Ouverture

Napoleon Bonaparte

Sent army to reclaim sugar plantations

Catholic Church was the

Largest snd richest landowners in latin america

Simón Bolívar

Leader of Venezuelan independence movement declares colombia independent

Agustín de Iturbide

Led rebels to victory against Creoles and declared Mexico's independence

Fidel Castro

Led the rebels and led a guerilla war against Batistas government

U.S. military aid was sent to defeat

Leftists

Civil war

Leftists v. right wing v. government

Sandinistas

Leftists who wanted dramatic change

Leftists

Liberal: want dramatic change land reforms limit the power of the church were often Marxist/communist supported by lower classes

Soviet Union built

Missle bases in Cuba pointed at the U.S.

Ideas from the French Revolution prompted

Slaves to revolt

Castro created a

Socialist nation

US response by setting up a

Naval blockade, quarantine, of cuba

Violeta Chamorro

Nicaragua president

New Spain

Northern half, Capital - Mexico coty

When did Columbus reach the New World

October 12, 1492

Viceroy

Official who ruled in place of the king

Vasco Nunez de Balboa named the Pacific Ocean

South sea

Peru

Southern half of the kingdom with the capital in Lima

Cubs took aid from

Soviet union

El Salvador

Only 14 families held the best land, most was unused

Daniel Ortega and Sandinistas

Overthrew the government

Increased

The literacy rate

Bolivar wanted

to unite all of South America and create one nation

They took treasure from the Incas and Aztecs and melted them down and sent them to Spain this made them

The richest and most powerful nation is Europe

The U.S. agreed

To a 50 million payment of food and medicine for the return of the cuban exiles

The government nationalized

Took over, foreign owned businesses

U.S. placed a

Trade embargo on cuba

Cuban captured exiles were

Tried and held by cuba

Missionaries

Tried to protect native americans many were jesuits

Bay of Pigs Invasion

U.S. attempt to overthrow castro

Catholic Church served as

Unifying force in Latin America

The Gran Colombia nation

Venezuela, colombia, peru, Ecuador

Spain controlled

West of the line

Native Americans

Worked on haciendas

Conservative Right

conservative- no change, preserve traditional social system, preserve power of the Church, limit civil freedom of speech, press, etc., supported by the upper classes

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

first European to see the Pacific Ocean while exploring Panama

Settlers were supposed to

pay and look after Native Americans and teach them Christianity

Spain and Portugal searched for an ocean route to

Asia

Banned enslavement of the Native American which led to

Atlantic slave trade

Missionaries combined

Aztec and Christian symbols

Slaves

Burned sugar cans fields

Vasco Nunez de Balboa had the first crew to

Circumnavigate the world

Contras

Conservative right

Slaves

Could marry, owen property and buy freedom

Pope Alexander VI

Created the line of demarcation

Columbian Exchange

Global exchange of people, goods, ideas, and diseases

What was the goal for Europeans

God, Gold, and Glory

What happened on January 1, 1804

Haiti declared independence

Built

Housing, schools, hospitals

Castro gained power

Declare cuna a Marxist state established the one party rule

Portugal controlled

East of the line

The Catholic Church controlled

Education, hospitals, services to porr

Majority of Saint-Domingue were

Enslaved people

Haiti was the

First independent nation in latin america

Many Cubans who disagreed with Castro

Fled to the US

Conquistadors searched

For gold and sea routes and mapped out vast areas

Sandinistas held

Free elections

Free blacks

Freed slaves, some bought there freedom and some were freed by their owners

Captured L'Ouberture and imprisoned him in

French Alps

Haiti was a

French colony called Saint-Domingue

Encomienda

Gave spanish settlers the right to demand taxes or labor from peopel living on the land

Teddy Roosevelt offered Colombia

$10 million for a stretch of land 10 miles wide

He returned how many times to explore

3

Embargo

A ban on trade

Hacienda

A large estate or ranch; the main house of such a ranch

Mestizos

A person of mixed Native American and European ancestory middle class

Creoles

American born descendents of spanish settlers pur spanish descent

Nicaragua rebels overthrow

Anastasio somoza

He believed he was in

The East Indies

Simón Bolívar formed

The Gran Colombia

Bartolome de Las Casas

priest who spoke out against mistreatment of Native Americans