Ch. 32 and 33

Count Sergei Witte

- administered policies designed to stimulate economic development - minister of Russian finance - policies played crucial role in the industrialization to Russia

Abd al-Hamid II

- became a despotic ruler and suspended the constitution, dissolved parliament and exiled many liberals - ruled autocratically for 30 years - policies retained Tania principles and oversaw the police forces, educational reforms, economic developments, and construction of rail roads

Muhammad II

- by his death the Ottoman Empire had shrunk in size but was also more consolidated and powerful than it had been - sultan of Ottoman Empire - massacred Janissary troops

Ram Mohan Roy

- father of modern India

The emancipation of Russian serfs in 1861

- was achieved at the tsar's insistence. - was intended to avert a revolution. - brought freedom but few political rights for the peasants. - did not significantly increase agricultural production.

After the overthrow of Queen Lili'uokalani in 1893, the U.S. took over

Hawaii

Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao were the leaders of the

Hundred Days Reforms

Which of the following was not one of the leading principles of the Young Turks?

Islam as the guiding principle in public life

The Russian serfs were emancipated by

Alexander II

he Russian Empire was defeated in the Crimean War because

Britain and France joined forces to prevent Russian expansion into the Ottoman Empire.

The Boers were

Dutch settlers in South Africa

Which of the following was not an economic motivation for imperialism?

European and American industry needed more sources of coal.

The Battle of Omdurman clearly demonstrated that

Europeans were morally superior to Africans

The Maji Maji rebellion occurred in

Indonesia against the Dutch

Which of the following was not a provision of the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842?

Japan gained control of the island of Taiwan.

zaibatsu

Japanese financial cliques that came to control enormous economic power

In 1916 the Indian Nation Congress

Joined forced with the All-India Muslim League

The Taiping Rebellion was defeated when

Nanjing was defeated by a combined force of imperial and European soldiers.

The author of The White Man's Burden was

Rudyard Kipling

During the Age of Imperialism Great Britain controlled each of the following territories except:

The Philippines

The most significant achievement of the sultan Mahmud II was

creation of a modern army.

The "capitulations" were humiliating concessions to the west that

held European citizens exempt from Ottoman laws and taxes

The success of the Meiji restoration depended on destroying the power of

the daimyo and samurai classes.

British rule undermined the Indian cotton industry by

undercutting the cost of Indian cloth with cheap British textiles.

Colonial rule dramatically altered the environment in which of the following places?

- India, due to tea production. - Ceylon, due to tea production. - Malaya, due to rubber production. - Sumatra, due to rubber production.

Charles Darwin

- slogan "survival of the fittest" - believed all living species have evolved - wrote Origin of the Species

The Mughal dynasty fell primarily because

- the state had been weakened by conflicts during the reign of Aurangzeb. - the East India Company established powerful, coastal - British merchants gained access to interior territories. - the Sepoy Mutiny failed to drive the British out of India.

The decisive factor in the Russo-Japanese War was

A destruction of the majority of the Russian navy in battle with the Japanese

Nicholas II

An oppressive ruler that was organizationally weak was the alst czar of Russia

A defeat in the Crimean War stopped expansion by the

Ottomans

Japan became a major imperial power after its victory in the

Russo-Japanese War

By 1990, the only part of Southeast Asia not under European Imperial rule was

Siam

In 1824, Thomas Stamford Raffles founded the port of

Singapore

Why had most European governments abandoned concessionary companies in Africa by the early twentieth century?

The brutal use of forced African labor by companies provoked a public outcry in Europe.

Frederick Lugard

The driving force behind the British policy of indirect rule in Africa

Which of the following was not a provision of the Meiji constitution?

The lower classes were represented in the lower chamber of the Diet.

The Meiji reformers actively copied the western Europeans and Americans because

They understood the danger of those two groups and wanted to find a way to avoid commercial and/or imperial domination by either one

Alexander II

This Russian czar was a reformer and freed the serfs of Russia. His assassination led to the ascension of the second to last czar of Russia.

Which of the Young Turk proposals caused the most dissension in the Empire?

Turkish as the official language of the empire

The centerpiece of Sergei Witte Russian policy was

a massive program of railway construction

One social goal of the British authorities in India was to

abolish the custom of burning widows with their husbands' bodies.

The United States acquired Hawaii by

annexing the islands after American planters had overthrown the monarchy

Under British imperial rule, India was governed

as a private colony of Queen Victoria.

Pressure for reform in British India came from

educated Indians seeking self-rule.

The British insisted on their right to trade opium with China because

it was the only trade good that they could sell in China at a profit.

The capital for the early industrialization of Meiji Japan came primarily from

land taxes.

Which of the following was not part of Count Witte's policy of industrialization?

nationalization of key industries such as coal and steel

The social Darwinists believed that

powerful nations were meant to dominate weaker societies

Japanese imperial expansion in the late nineteenth century was primarily motivated by

resentment at the unequal treaties forced on them by the United States.

The Berlin West Africa Conference in 1884-1885 established

that, if a European power indicated its intention to colonize and then proceeded to occupy an African territory, it could claim that colony.

Cecil Rhodes

the American politician who articulated the belief in manifest destiny.

One striking difference between the British and the French imperial models in Africa is that

the British preferred to use local institutions to control subject populations.

The decisive point in the Opium War was

the British threat to the Grand Canal

The Tokugawa Shogunate was overthrown because

the Japanese were outraged by the unequal treaty forced on them by Commodore Perry

The Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown because

the Japanese were outraged by the unequal treaty forced on them by Commodore Perry.

The term "Great Game" refers to

the Russian contest with Britain for central Asia

The term "Great Game" refers to

the Russian contest with Britain for central Asia.

The colonization of the Belgian Congo is noted for

the brutal treatment of the Congolese people by King Leopold II.

The Russian intelligentsia promoted terrorism as a strategy for political reform because

their attempts at more peaceful reform were crushed by the tsarist authorities.

At the end of the nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire, Qing dynasty, and Tokugawa Japan were "societies at crossroads" because

they discovered through wars and confrontations that they were militarily much weaker than the western powers.

Tanzimat legal reforms included all of the following rights except

women's right to sue for divorce.

By 1913, all of the following provinces gained either independence or autonomy from Ottoman control except

Anatolia

By 1913, all of the following provinces gained independence or autonomy from Ottoman control except

Anatolia

The Ottoman military had declined by the nineteenth century because

- the Janissary Corps was more interested in palace intrigues than in military training. - the Janissaries resisted all efforts to modernize the army. - many provincial rulers had private mercenary armies. - Ottoman forces carried outmoded equipment.

Arthur De Gobineau

- wrote Essay on Inequality of the Human Races - french nobleman and theorist

The leader of the Taiping Rebellion was

Hong Xiuquan

Abdul Hamid

Sultan that was deposed by the Young Turks

In 1770, Captain James Cook anchored his fleet at Botany Bay, near what modern city?

Sydney

Panama was supported in its uprising against Colombia by U.S. president

Theodore Roosevelt.

In China, a "sphere of influence" was

a district in which a foreign power had exclusive trade, transportation, and mineral rights.