Ch. 32 and 33
Count Sergei Witte
- administered policies designed to stimulate economic development - minister of Russian finance - policies played crucial role in the industrialization to Russia
Abd al-Hamid II
- became a despotic ruler and suspended the constitution, dissolved parliament and exiled many liberals - ruled autocratically for 30 years - policies retained Tania principles and oversaw the police forces, educational reforms, economic developments, and construction of rail roads
Muhammad II
- by his death the Ottoman Empire had shrunk in size but was also more consolidated and powerful than it had been - sultan of Ottoman Empire - massacred Janissary troops
Ram Mohan Roy
- father of modern India
The emancipation of Russian serfs in 1861
- was achieved at the tsar's insistence. - was intended to avert a revolution. - brought freedom but few political rights for the peasants. - did not significantly increase agricultural production.
After the overthrow of Queen Lili'uokalani in 1893, the U.S. took over
Hawaii
Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao were the leaders of the
Hundred Days Reforms
Which of the following was not one of the leading principles of the Young Turks?
Islam as the guiding principle in public life
The Russian serfs were emancipated by
Alexander II
he Russian Empire was defeated in the Crimean War because
Britain and France joined forces to prevent Russian expansion into the Ottoman Empire.
The Boers were
Dutch settlers in South Africa
Which of the following was not an economic motivation for imperialism?
European and American industry needed more sources of coal.
The Battle of Omdurman clearly demonstrated that
Europeans were morally superior to Africans
The Maji Maji rebellion occurred in
Indonesia against the Dutch
Which of the following was not a provision of the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842?
Japan gained control of the island of Taiwan.
zaibatsu
Japanese financial cliques that came to control enormous economic power
In 1916 the Indian Nation Congress
Joined forced with the All-India Muslim League
The Taiping Rebellion was defeated when
Nanjing was defeated by a combined force of imperial and European soldiers.
The author of The White Man's Burden was
Rudyard Kipling
During the Age of Imperialism Great Britain controlled each of the following territories except:
The Philippines
The most significant achievement of the sultan Mahmud II was
creation of a modern army.
The "capitulations" were humiliating concessions to the west that
held European citizens exempt from Ottoman laws and taxes
The success of the Meiji restoration depended on destroying the power of
the daimyo and samurai classes.
British rule undermined the Indian cotton industry by
undercutting the cost of Indian cloth with cheap British textiles.
Colonial rule dramatically altered the environment in which of the following places?
- India, due to tea production. - Ceylon, due to tea production. - Malaya, due to rubber production. - Sumatra, due to rubber production.
Charles Darwin
- slogan "survival of the fittest" - believed all living species have evolved - wrote Origin of the Species
The Mughal dynasty fell primarily because
- the state had been weakened by conflicts during the reign of Aurangzeb. - the East India Company established powerful, coastal - British merchants gained access to interior territories. - the Sepoy Mutiny failed to drive the British out of India.
The decisive factor in the Russo-Japanese War was
A destruction of the majority of the Russian navy in battle with the Japanese
Nicholas II
An oppressive ruler that was organizationally weak was the alst czar of Russia
A defeat in the Crimean War stopped expansion by the
Ottomans
Japan became a major imperial power after its victory in the
Russo-Japanese War
By 1990, the only part of Southeast Asia not under European Imperial rule was
Siam
In 1824, Thomas Stamford Raffles founded the port of
Singapore
Why had most European governments abandoned concessionary companies in Africa by the early twentieth century?
The brutal use of forced African labor by companies provoked a public outcry in Europe.
Frederick Lugard
The driving force behind the British policy of indirect rule in Africa
Which of the following was not a provision of the Meiji constitution?
The lower classes were represented in the lower chamber of the Diet.
The Meiji reformers actively copied the western Europeans and Americans because
They understood the danger of those two groups and wanted to find a way to avoid commercial and/or imperial domination by either one
Alexander II
This Russian czar was a reformer and freed the serfs of Russia. His assassination led to the ascension of the second to last czar of Russia.
Which of the Young Turk proposals caused the most dissension in the Empire?
Turkish as the official language of the empire
The centerpiece of Sergei Witte Russian policy was
a massive program of railway construction
One social goal of the British authorities in India was to
abolish the custom of burning widows with their husbands' bodies.
The United States acquired Hawaii by
annexing the islands after American planters had overthrown the monarchy
Under British imperial rule, India was governed
as a private colony of Queen Victoria.
Pressure for reform in British India came from
educated Indians seeking self-rule.
The British insisted on their right to trade opium with China because
it was the only trade good that they could sell in China at a profit.
The capital for the early industrialization of Meiji Japan came primarily from
land taxes.
Which of the following was not part of Count Witte's policy of industrialization?
nationalization of key industries such as coal and steel
The social Darwinists believed that
powerful nations were meant to dominate weaker societies
Japanese imperial expansion in the late nineteenth century was primarily motivated by
resentment at the unequal treaties forced on them by the United States.
The Berlin West Africa Conference in 1884-1885 established
that, if a European power indicated its intention to colonize and then proceeded to occupy an African territory, it could claim that colony.
Cecil Rhodes
the American politician who articulated the belief in manifest destiny.
One striking difference between the British and the French imperial models in Africa is that
the British preferred to use local institutions to control subject populations.
The decisive point in the Opium War was
the British threat to the Grand Canal
The Tokugawa Shogunate was overthrown because
the Japanese were outraged by the unequal treaty forced on them by Commodore Perry
The Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown because
the Japanese were outraged by the unequal treaty forced on them by Commodore Perry.
The term "Great Game" refers to
the Russian contest with Britain for central Asia
The term "Great Game" refers to
the Russian contest with Britain for central Asia.
The colonization of the Belgian Congo is noted for
the brutal treatment of the Congolese people by King Leopold II.
The Russian intelligentsia promoted terrorism as a strategy for political reform because
their attempts at more peaceful reform were crushed by the tsarist authorities.
At the end of the nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire, Qing dynasty, and Tokugawa Japan were "societies at crossroads" because
they discovered through wars and confrontations that they were militarily much weaker than the western powers.
Tanzimat legal reforms included all of the following rights except
women's right to sue for divorce.
By 1913, all of the following provinces gained either independence or autonomy from Ottoman control except
Anatolia
By 1913, all of the following provinces gained independence or autonomy from Ottoman control except
Anatolia
The Ottoman military had declined by the nineteenth century because
- the Janissary Corps was more interested in palace intrigues than in military training. - the Janissaries resisted all efforts to modernize the army. - many provincial rulers had private mercenary armies. - Ottoman forces carried outmoded equipment.
Arthur De Gobineau
- wrote Essay on Inequality of the Human Races - french nobleman and theorist
The leader of the Taiping Rebellion was
Hong Xiuquan
Abdul Hamid
Sultan that was deposed by the Young Turks
In 1770, Captain James Cook anchored his fleet at Botany Bay, near what modern city?
Sydney
Panama was supported in its uprising against Colombia by U.S. president
Theodore Roosevelt.
In China, a "sphere of influence" was
a district in which a foreign power had exclusive trade, transportation, and mineral rights.