Ch 4 mastering bio
What are the final product of photosynthesis
02, sugar, ADP, NADP+
Predict how many molecules of carbon dioxide are produced from the mitochondrial burning of one molecule of glucose
6
Which of the following equations represents photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Choose the pencil that has the lowest potential energy.
A pencil laying on the ground
Which energy rich molecules produced by cellular respiration directly Powers cell work
ATP
Which of the following is a common energy currency in living cells that powers most living organisms
ATP
The food you eat is process during cellular respiration to produce stored chemical energy in the form of
ATP CO2 water
What two molecules are produced by the light reactions and usedTo power the Calvin cycle
ATP and NADPH
Organize the following steps of the light reaction in order
Absorb sunlight, split water to release electron, produce oxygen as a by-product, capture energy in ATP and NADPH
She's the best explanation as to why both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration
Although they may obtain their sugars in different ways both consumers and producers rely on cellular respiration to make ATP
What connects to photosystems in the light reactions
And electron transport chain
Which of the following can carry out photosynthesis
Bacteria plants seaweed
How does ATP release energy that can be used in living cells
By breaking a bond within an ATP molecule
What is the chemical equation for glucose
C6H12O6
What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy
Which process produces glycerdehyde 3-phosphate
Calvin cycle
What provide the carbon atoms that are incorporated into sugar molecules in the Calvin cycle
Carbon dioxide
Plastids our storage organelles a chloroplast is a type of plastid what does a chloroplast store
Chlorophyll
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight.
Which of the following organelles does photosynthesis take place
Chloroplast
What is a photosystem?
Clusters of pigments and proteins that capture light energy
We use energy in many ways. Describe one thing we cannot do to energy.
Destroy it
For what purpose does a plant use the sugars produced during photosynthesis
For making cellulose for storage for cellular respiration
How do we know green light is absorbed by chlorophyll
Green light is the wavelength of light that is reflected instead of absorbed by the chloroplast
What provides electrons for the light reactions
H2O
Unlike the Citric Acid cycle and electron transport, glycolysis occurs _____.
In thecytoplasm
What is the role of light in photosynthesis
It energizes electrons
Which of the following statements about heat is false
It is a highly organized form of energy.
Identify the role of oxygen in photosynthesis
It is a waste product in the light reactions.
Identify the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis
It is split to become incorporated into sugars.
Identify the role of water in photosynthesis
It is the initial electron releaser when split
What happens to the ATP molecule after it has been used to do work
It loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP.
Respiration is called aerobic because
It requires oxygen
In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA Formation the cirtic acid cycle and the electron transport chain
Mitochondrion
What transports electrons from the light reactions to the Calvin cycle
NADPH
What is the role of chloroplast in animals
None, as animals do not have chloroplast
Alcohol is a waste product produced by yeast in the presence of sugar in the absence of
O2
Which of the following is a waste product of photosynthesis
O2
Which processes can be carried out by consumers
Only cellular respiration
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
Oxygen accepts high-energy electrons after they are stripped from glucose.
Water behind a dam has a certain amount of stored energy that can be released as the waterfalls over the top of the dam it may be enough energy to turn a meal well or an electricity generating turned on cheese the term that best describes the type of energy stored in the water at the top of the dam
Potential
Predict what would happen as the entropy of a system approach 100%
Randomness would be maximized
Which stage of photosynthesis if any can function in the dark
Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)
Name a fluid filler interior of the chloroplast
Stroma
What kind of molecules can be used as a metabolic Fuel to produce ATP
Sugars amino acid and fatty acids
What Do some leaves change color in the fall
The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible
Cellular respiration accomplish is to major processes it breaks Glucose down into smaller molecules and it harvest the chemical energy released and stores it in ATP molecules by the end of ____ The breakdown of glucose is complete most ATP molecules are produced during _____
The citric acid cycle... Electron transport
What molecules lengthy white reaction to the Calvin cycle
The electron shuttles ( ATP and NADPH)
Yeast is used to produce beer and wine but can also make bread rise all these processes involved the production of alcohol explain why you can eat bread and not get drunk
The heat of cooking bakes out the alcohol
What is heat energy?
The kinetic energy of moving Atoms and molecules
Why does yogurt taste sharp?
The taste is from the lactic acid it contains, and acids taste sharp.
Explain how molecules other than glucose can be used as energy sources
They are modified first and then enter the same metabolic pathway as glucose
Where did the molecules used as the inputs of the Calvin cycle come from
They come from the light reactions
If you could track all of the carbon atoms that are present in a sugar molecule that undergo cellular respiration where would those carbon Atoms end up
They would be converted to carbon dioxide
Which statement describes the cirtic acid cycle
This process produces some ATP And carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion
Which statement describes glycolysis
This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.
Which statement describes the electron transport chain
This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration
NADH and FADH2 are important in cellular respiration because they deliver high energy electrons to the electron transport system. Electron transport produces ____ ATP molecules per NADH molecules and_____ ATP Molecules per FADH2 molecules
Three... two
The light reactions take place in the ____ And the Calvin cycle takes place in the
Thylakoids; stroma
What is the role of producers in most ecosystems
To capture light energy from the sun and converted into chemical energy
Identify the principal role of photosynthesis
To convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars
Identify the principal role of cellular respiration
To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life's processes
And electron transport high energy electrons fall to oxygen through a series of reactions the energy released is used to
Transport protons into the inter-membrane space of the mitochondria where they become concentrated they then fly back out into the inner compartment of the mitochondria on the way back protons turn ATP synthase turbines and produce ATP
Which are the most important outfits of Glycolysis
Two pyruvic acid and two NADH molecules
Which of the following best describes the chemical equation for photosynthesis
Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy = Sugar + Oxygen
Can energy be harvested by the cells from glucose without oxygen
Yes, but much less than with oxygen.
Which processes can be carried out by producers
both photosynthesis and cellular respiration
The chemical reactions of photosynthesis occur in which cellular organelle
chloroplasts
Which part(s) of cellular respiration require(s) oxygen gas?
citric acid cycle and electron transport chain
Which parts of cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria
citric acid cycle and electron transport chain
During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of the ATP produced
electron transport chain
Which stage of cellular respiration requires oxygen that you breathe
electron transport chain
Which of the following molecules is broken down in cellular respiration providing fuel for the cell
glucose
Glycolysis is the multi-step breakdown of _____. Several different _____ play a role in this process.
glucose ... enzymes
Identify the stage of cellular respiration when glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
glycolysis
Identify the stage or stages of cellular respiration that occurs entirely outside the mitochondria
glycolysis
Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell
glycolysis
Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration
glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain
In cellular respiration most energy is released and transferred to ATP when
high-energy electrons "fall" to lower energy levels
Where does cellular respiration occur?
mitochondria
Which of the following is highest in chemical energy
one molecule of glucose
Cellular respiration requires fuel (glucose) and oxygen gas the main process that produces these inputs is
photosynthesis
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration
produce ATP
What is the role of mitochondria in plants
produce ATP
Kinetic energy is energy in motion potential energy is ____ energy
stored
The purpose of the Calvin cycle is to produce ________.
sugar
Select the ultimate source of energy for nearly every organism on this planet.
sun
What is the definition of energy
the capacity to do work
The bulk of a plant is made from ________.
the sugars made in photosynthesis, which were made from carbon dioxide
During the Calvin cycle plants use energy from ATP and NADPH to drive
the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide
How does CO2 enter a plant
through the stomata
Energy is conserved. This means that in any system, _____.
total energy input equals total energy output
What is the main by-product of cellular respiration?
water
Where do the electrons that are excited by the energy in sunlight first come from
water