Ch. 5: Learning Quizzes

Mrs. Martin, a third-grade teacher, is instructing cursive writing. At first, she reinforces even crude attempts to reproduce letters with an encouraging word; as time goes on, though, she reinforces only well-formed letters. By reinforcing progressively better attempts at writing letters, Mrs. Martin is using:

shaping.

Which of the following parts of the brain is associated with the process of mentalizing?

Prefrontal cortex

Dr. Simonelli is a practicing behavior analyst. What does she do?

She specializes in behavior modification techniques.

Which of the following terms best expresses the relationship between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination?

They are opposites.

_____ stimulus is a stimulus that does not naturally bring about the response of interest.

Neutral

Dr. Arceneaux has developed several alternative plans to increase the number of online practice quizzes his students complete. Which plan below is incorrectly matched with the related schedule?

1 bonus point awarded every now and then (about 2 weeks on average) if two or more quizzes have been completed recently—variable-ratio

According to the text, exposure to actual firearm violence increases by a factor of _____ the likelihood that an adolescent will commit serious violence within the succeeding two years.

2

A privately funded program pays low-income parents $50 every two months for each child who attends school regularly during that period. This incentive illustrates a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

?

Ewan is convinced that a woman across the bar is "sending signals." A learning theorist would term such signals:

?

Which of the following promotions exemplifies the use of a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement?

A café offers its customers a punch card. Each time a patron purchases a beverage, a hole is punched; when ten holes are punched, the patron receives a free beverage.

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies spontaneous recovery?

Alexis is a former cocaine user in recovery. After a relapse, though, her hands shake and her heart pounds when she hears a car pull into her drive, like her dealer used to do in his car.

____ is a formalized technique for promoting the frequency of desirable conducts and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones.

Behavior modification

An analytic learning style is most likely to be displayed by:

Caucasian males.

Which of the following does not accurately reflect a distinction between classical and operant conditioning?

Classical conditioning applies to voluntary behavior, while operant conditioning applies to involuntary behavior.

Which of the following approaches to treating a phobia is/are CORRECTLY matched with the type of learning it reflects?

Exposing client to a model interacting successfully with the feared object - classical conditioning

_____ occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears.

Extinction

_____ refers to a decrease in the response to a stimulus when it is presented repeatedly, whereas _____ refers to the eventual disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented.

Habituation; extinction

Which of the following is true of classical conditioning?

It applies to involuntary behavior.

_____ learning occurs without reinforcement.

Latent

In what way does learned taste aversion seem to contradict the basic principles of classical conditioning?

Learned taste aversion can occur after only a single CS-UCR pairing.

Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

Money

A fixed-ratio schedule is a schedule:

by which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made.

Vending machine is to slot machine what _____ reinforcement is to _____ reinforcement.

continuous; intermittent

Which of the following does the cognitive learning theory emphasize?

expectations

Janine completed several tours of duty in Afghanistan. She suffers from PTSD. Now, back home in Texas, she is frightened by firecrackers and cars backfiring. The fact that these sounds scare her reflects a process of stimulus:

generalization

You toss a newly purchased felt mouse across the floor; your cat chases it excitedly, clutches it in her paws and rolls around with it. Several tosses later, your cat yawns pointedly and settles herself for a nap. The change in your cat's behavior illustrates:

habituation.

Sheryl's parents have told her that she is "grounded" and will not be allowed to watch any television for a week, because she is not completing her assignments on time. This is an example of:

negative punishment.

Bandura's "Bobo doll" experiments were intended to demonstrate:

observational learning