Ch. 5 Unit 1 Retention Test

Trans fatty acids are most abundant in foods that contain: a) tropical oils b) omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids c) animal products d) partially hydrogenated oils

d) partially hydrogenated oils

Reverse cholesterol transport is accomplished by: a) HDLs b) chylomicrons c) LDLs d) VLDLs

a) HDLs

Which of the following is required for cells to take up low-density lipoproteins a) LDL receptors b) insulin c) homocysteine d) lipoprotein lipase

a) LDL receptors

Eicosanoids are: a) all of these statements are true b) hormone-like compounds c) needed to regulate important body processes d) synthesized from omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids

a) all of these statements are true

Bile, Vitamin D, and some hormones such as testosterone and estrogen are derived from: a) cholesterol b) trans fatty acids c) phospholipids d) essential fatty acids

a) cholesterol

Essential fatty acids can be used by the body to synthesize: a) eicosanoids b) phosphoglycerides c) cholesterol d) vitamin D

a) eicosanoids

__________ fatty acids are not synthesized by the body. a) essential b) saturated c) short chain d) nonessential

a) essential

_________________ promotes the uptake of fatty acids and glycerol by cells to be used as fuel for storage. a) lipoprotein lipase b) pancreatic lipase c) glycerase d) lingual lipase

a) lipoprotein lipase

Which of the following organs is able to manufacture cholesterol? a) liver b) gallbladder c) pancreas d) all of these organs manufacture cholesterol

a) liver

Which organ produces the lipase enzyme that accomplishes the bulk of lipid digestion? a) pancreas b) stomach c) liver d) mouth

a) pancreas

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are examples of: a) polyunsaturated fatty acids b) saturated fatty acids c) phospholipids d) hydrogenated fats

a) polyunsaturated fatty acids

Cholesterol is an example of a(n): a) sterol b) trans fatty acid c) essential nutrient d) phospholipid

a) sterol

Fatty acids are categorized based on the carbon chain length as well as: a) the types and locations of bonds between the carbons b) the number of acid groups in the fatty acid chain c) their solubility in water d) the number of sulfer-containing groups

a) the types and locations of bonds between the carbons

Which of the following most accurately describes the chemical structure of a fatty acid? a) a carbon chain bound to a phosphate group b) a chain of carbon atoms linked together by chemical bonds. c) a three carbon molecule bound to nitrogen d) a multiple ring structure with a sugar group attached

b) a chain of carbon atoms linked together by chemical bonds.

Chylomicrons: a) are absorbed into the lymphatic system b) all of the above c) are formed by the intestinal mucosal cell d) transport lipids from the food we eat into the body

b) all of the above

___________ can help fat and water mix by breaking large fat globules into smaller ones. a) pancreatic lipase b) bile c) eicosanoids d) cholesterol

b) bile

The primary function of lipoprotein lipase is to: a) convert cis fatty acids into trans fatty acids b) help clear triglycerides from circulating lipoproteins in the blood c) convert nonessential fatty acids into essential fatty acids d) transport lipids

b) help clear triglycerides from circulating lipoproteins in the blood

Chylomicrons are formed in the: a) liver b) intestine c) lymph d) blood

b) intestine

A dietary approach that protects against heart disease is the consumption of foods high in: a) long chain fatty acids b) omega-3 fatty acids c) omega-6 fatty acids d) all of these provide protection against heart disease

b) omega-3 fatty acids

Which of the following is characteristic of atherosclerosis? a) production of chylomicrons by cells lining the blood vessels b) oxidation of LDL particles c) inflammation of the lining of the colon d) high HDL levels

b) oxidation of LDL particles

Dietary sources of cholesterol include all of the following EXCEPT: a) eggs b) peanut butter c) fish d) meat

b) peanut butter

A fatty acid with only single bonds between carbon atoms is called a(n) _________ fatty acid. a) hydrophobic b) saturated c) hydrophilic d) unsaturated

b) saturated

Immune cells within the lining of blood vessels have ______________ receptors, which mediate the uptake of oxidized LDL cholesterol. a) LDL b) scavenger c) foam d) insulin

b) scavenger

High levels of HDL in the blood are associated with: a) increased risk of breast and prostate cancer b) improved immune function c) a reduced risk of heart disease d) increased risk of colon cancer

c) a reduced risk of heart disease

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol? a) chylomicrons b) very-low density lipoproteins c) high-density lipoproteins d) low-density lipoproteins

d) low-density lipoproteins

When energy is ingested in excess of needs, the excess: a) is lost as heat b) is converted into cholesterol and stored in the liver c) is converted into triglycerides and stored in adipose tissue d) is metabolized by the muscles and stored as ATP

c) is converted into triglycerides and stored in adipose tissue

The end of a fatty acid chain containing a methyl group is also referred to as the _______ end. a) delta b) acid c) omega d) alpha

c) omega

Which of the following is used to make the lipid bilayer found in cell membranes in the body? a) saturated fatty acids b) trans fatty acids c) phospholipids d) eicosanoids

c) phospholipids

The physical characteristics, texture and taste of fatty acids are determined by: a) the number of acid groups b) the extent of digestion in the body c) the length of fatty acid chain and the types of bonds between the carbon atoms d) the number of fatty acid chains bound to each glycerol molecule

c) the length of fatty acid chain and the types of bonds between the carbon atoms

If you were to analyze the composition of adipose tissue, you would likely find an abundance of: a) eicosanoids b) cholesterol c) triglycerides d) micelles

c) triglycerides

Phospholipids consist of glycerol with _____________ attached. a) three fatty acids b) three amino acids c) two fatty acids and a phosphate group d) two fatty acids and lecithin

c) two fatty acids and a phosphate group

When needed for a source of energy, fatty acids are broken down into: a) chylomicrons b) glucose c) pyruvate d) acetyl CoA

d) acetyl CoA

Most fatty acids in food and in the body are bound to a molecule called: a) lecithin b) phospholipids c) cholesterol d) glycerol

d) glycerol

Hormone sensitive lipase: a) All of the above b) is required for lipid digestion by cells lining blood vessels c) is needed to deposit fatty acids into adipose tissue d) is activated during periods of fasting e) is needed for phosphoglyceride digestion

d) is activated during periods of fasting

Which of the following is formed in the LUMEN of the small intestine during lipid digestion? a) cis fatty acids b) chylomicrons c) LDL particles d) micelles

d) micelles

The function of bile in triglyceride digestion is: a) to facilitate the formation of chylomicrons b) to hydrolyze (split) the bond that attaches fatty acids to glycerol c) to bind and transport lipids into the blood d) to break fat into small globules

d) to break fat into small globules