Ch 6

fields

(columns) store data representing an attribute

Entity

Generalized category representing person, place, thing on which we store and maintain information, i.e. SUPPLIER or PART

Hadoop

Open-source software framework that enables distributed parallel processing of huge amounts of data across many inexpensive computers. Breaks big data down into smaller data sets that are easier to analyze

Attributes

Specific characteristics of each entity: SUPPLIER name, address PART description, unit price, supplier

Which of the following best illustrates the relationship between entities and attributes?

The entity CUSTOMER with the attribute ADDRESS

Database

a collection of related files containing records on people, places, or things

A schematic of the entire database that describes the relationships in a database is called a(n):

entity-relationship diagram

In-Memory Computing

relies on computer's main memory (RAM) for physical data storage, eliminates bottlenecks, shortens query response times

In a table for customers, the information about a single customer would reside in a single:

row

Operations of a Relational DBMS

• select - creates a subset of all records meeting stated criteria • join - combines relational tables to present the server with more information than is available from individual tables • project - creates a subset consisting of columns in a table, permits user to create new tables containing only desired information

Query and Reporting

-Data Manipulation Language: Used to add, change, delete, retrieve data from database. Example: Structured Query Language (SQL) -DBMS typically have report generation capabilities for creating polished reports.

Data Marts

-Subset of data warehouse -Summarized or highly focused portion of firm's data for use by specific population of users -Typically focuses on single subject or line of business

BI Infrastructure

-data warehouses -data marts -Hadoop -In-Memory Computing -analytical platforms

Challenges of Big Data

-massive quantities of unstructured and semi-structured data from the internet - Volume, Velocity, Variety -big datasets offer more patterns/insights than smaller datasets

Blockchain

A distributed and decentralized ledger that records and verifies transactions and ownership, enables firms to create/verify transactions on a network

distributed database

A logically related database that is stored over two or more physically independent sites.

foreign key

A primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables

Capabilities of DBMS

Data definition capabilities, Data dictionary, querying and reporting

database administration

Database design and management group responsible for defining and organizing the structure and content of the database, and maintaining the database.

Data Warehouses

Database that stores current and historical data that may be of interest to decision makers, data can be accessed but not altered

data mining

Finds hidden patterns and relationships in large databases and infers rules from them to predict future behavior

Non-Relational Databases

Handle large data sets of data that are not easily organized into tables, columns, and rows, can handle unstructured data like Amazon's Simple DB

data administration

Responsible for specific policies and procedures through which data can be managed as a resource

A foreign key is a field that links to a separate table.

True

Every record in a file must contain at least one key field.

True

text mining

Unstructured data (mostly text files) accounts for 80 percent of an organization's useful information. sentiment analysis of online comments etc

Data Dictionary

automated or manual file storing definitions of data elements and their characteristics

The smallest unit of data a computer can handle is called a:

bit

primary key

can't be duplicated, changed, or used for anything else. a unique identifier

Database Management System (DBMS)

creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security

web mining

discovery and analysis of useful patterns and information from the World Wide Web, content mining (of websites), structure mining (like links), usage mining (user interactions gathered by web servers)

physical view

how data is actually structured and organized

The process of streamlining data to minimize redundancy and awkward many-to-many relationships is called:

normalization

In a business relational database, tables contain:

one table for each entity

relational databases

organize data into 2d tables (relations) and rows, all entities related in process of action

The logical view of a database:

presents data as they would be perceived by end users.

A field identified in a table as holding the unique identifier of the table's records is called the:

primary key

Data Definition Capabilities

specify structure of content of database, you describing what each attribute (column header) specifies

information policy

state's org's rules for organizing, managing, storing, and sharing info

rows

store data for separate records, or tuples. info about a single customer in table for customers reside in a row

Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)

supports multidimensional data analysis, enabling users to view the same data in different ways using multiple dimensions

key field

uniquely identifies each record

analytic platforms

use both relational and non-relational technology that are optimized for analyzing large datasets. include in-memory systems, no SQL DBMS, data lakes,

business intelligence

what you do with the data you have