Ch 6

A reaction that requires an input of energy is said to be a(n) ____ reaction.

not spontaneous

With very few exceptions, all energy that enters biological systems ultimately comes from the____

sun

What are the two main states of energy?

kinetic energy and potential energy

What is entropy?

A measure of the amount of disorder in a system

Which statement about energy conversion is true?

During any type of energy conversion, some of the energy is lost into the environment as heat.

Which of the following is another way to state the second law of thermodynamics?

Entropy increases.

Which of the following describes the major difference between kinetic and potential energy?

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion while potential energy is stored energy.

Select the true statements about endergonic reactions.

The products have a higher free energy than the reactants. Endergonic reactions are not spontaneous. Endergonic reactions have a positive change in free energy.

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

The transformation of energy from one form to another increases entropy.

According to the second law of thermodynamics, kineticBlank 1Blank 1 kinetic , ____increases when energy is transferred from one form to another and some energy is lost as heat in the process.

entropy

The energy available to do work in a system is called potentialBlank 1Blank 1 potential ,____ energy.

free

What is the term used to describe the energy of a system that is available to do work?

free energy

During each energy conversion that happens in a living organism, some of the energy dissipates as ____.

heat

When a physical system becomes more disordered, the entropy____

increases

When a cheetah eats an antelope,______.

it transfers some of the potential energy stored in the tissues of the antelope to its own body

Heat is a form of Blank______ energy, because it reflects the random motion of molecules.

kinetic

In broad terms, energy can exist in two states:____ energy and ____energy.

kinetic, potential

According to the equation ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS, which factor determines whether a reaction is spontaneous?

ΔG

What equation is used to evaluate whether a chemical reaction is spontaneous?

ΔG = ΔH − TΔS