Ch 6 World War I and Beyond

Zimmerman note

1917 - Germany sent this to Mexico instructing an ambassador to convince Mexico to go to war with the U.S. It was intercepted and caused the U.S. to mobilized against Germany, which had proven it was hostile

Warren G Harding

29th president. Promised America to return to normalcy after WWI. Former newspaper publisher from Ohio.

Western Front

A line of trenches and fortifications in World War I that stretched without a break from Switzerland to the North Sea. Scene of most of the fighting between Germany, on the one hand, and France and Britain, on the other.

Fourteen Points

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I

Espionage Act

Allowed postal authorities to ban treasonable or seditious newspapers, magazines, or printable materials from the mail. It also enacted severe penalties for anyone engaged in disloyal or treasonable activities.

Bernard Baruch

An influential Wall Street investment broker who reported directly to the President, he was the head of the War Industries Board (WIB) which regulated all industries engaged in the war effort

League of Nations

An organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace

Francis Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria and heir apparent to Francis Joseph I, his assassination at Sarajevo triggered the outbreak of World War I

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

Committee formed to educate the public about the causes and nature of the war, and convince Americans that the war effort was a just cause

Creditor Nation

Country which is owed more money by other countries than it owes to other countries. The United States was now the largest creditor nation in the world, meaning that other countries owed the United States more money than the United States owed them.

George Creel

Director of the CPI, appointed by Wilson

Influenza

Flu virus that was deadly in the war

U-boats

German submarines used in World War I

Militarism

Glorification of the military

Convoy

Groups of merchant ships sailed together, protected by warships.

Alfred Mahan

Historian who called for a strong navy

Contraband

Illegally shipped goods such as weapons and other articles used to fight a war

Bartolomeo Vanzetti

Italian anarchists convicted and executed for murder despite scarce evidence against them

Nicola Sacco

Italian anarchists convicted and executed for murder despite scarce evidence against them

This historian wrote about the closing of the American frontier and the need for expansion

Jackson Turner

The "gentlemen's agreement" was between the US and what other country?

Japan

The first women voted into the US Congress was one of 49 to vote against the US entering WWI

Jeannette Rankin

William II

Kaiser of Germany at the beginning of WWI

Selective Service Act

Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft

Vladimir Lenin

Leader of a radical communist group who staged a revolution and gained control of Russia

These negated the need to build a sea-level canal in Panama

Locks

Great Migration

Mass movement of African Americans from the South to the North during WWI for economic opportunities

"Reservationists"

Members of the Senate who were ready to ratify the Treaty of Versailles with modifications; the group is often divided into the "mild" Reservationists, who wanted only minor changes, and the "strong" Reservationists, who favored the significant changes advocated by Henry Cabot Lodge.

Wilson's foreign policy is known as...

Moral diplomacy

Reparations

Payment for war damages

Casualties

People who are killed, wounded, captured, or missing in a war

Conscientious objectors

People whose moral or religious beliefs forbid them to fight in wars

Henry Cabot Lodge

Republican U.S. Senator who opposed Wilson's League of Nations and who led the opposition to U.S. ratification of Treaty of Versailles

Inflation

Rising prices

"Irreconcilables"

Senators opposed to ratification of the Treaty of Versailles on any grounds; lead by isolationists William Borah, Hiram Johnson, and Robert La Follette

Palmer Raids

Series of raids by police where thousands of people, some who were radicals and others who were immigrants were arrested

Stalemate

Situation where neither side has an advantage in war

Alsace-Lorraine

Territory taken by Germany from France as a rest of the Franco Prussian war. Was later returned to France as a result of German defeat in WWI

How did the war affect Americans at home?

The Americans on the home-front had to give up thinks like meat and wheat on some nights, woman had to give up steel in corsets, children gave up many toys and began selling war bonds, many had to cope with the loss of a loved one in the war, they had to make it without a man in the household a lot, and everyone tried their best to support the war.

John J Pershing

The commander of American forces in Europe. He led his force into France and helped the Allies win the war

How did Americans affect the end of World War I and its peace settlements?

The fresh soldiers added to the allies finally led to the breakdown of the Central powers fighting spirit.

Self-determination

The right of people to chose their own form of government

What caused World War I, and why did the United States enter the war?

WWI was caused by many things, among them was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand leading to the Austria-Hungary empire declaring war on Serbia which dragged most of Europe into the war due to alliances. The U.S. entered the war due to Germanys war tactics and the Zimmermann note.

Red Scare

Wave of widespread fear of suspected communists and radicals thought to be plotting revolution within the United States.

What political, economic, and social effects did World War I have on the United States?

Wilson's Fourteen Points Speech, Many American people died during the war, The US economy boosted