Ch. 7 - Electricity & Electrical Safety

Microcurrent produces _______________________ and _______________________ reactions.

acidic, alkaline

Ultraviolet light

aka cold or actinic light; has a short wavelength, is less penetrating than visible light, causes chemical reactions to happen more quickly than visible light, produces less heat than visible light, and kills some germs.

Light therapy

aka phototherapy; the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal.

Corded hair dryers, curling irons, electric files, and table lamps that plug into a wall outlet use ____________________________ current.

alternating

Inverter

an apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current

The positive electrode is called an _________________________.

anode

Microcurrent improves ____________________ and ___________________ circulation.

blood, lymph

A probe is usually made of __________________, __________________, or ___________________.

carbon, glass, metal

The negative electrode is called a ________________________.

cathode

Long wave lengths have low frequency, penetrate _______________________ and have less energy.

deeper

Flashlights, cell phones and cordless tools are examples of ______________________ current.

direct

In general, appliances and tools that run on batteries utilize ______________________ current and those that have cords that plug into a wall outlet run on _____________________ current.

direct, alternating

Kilowatt

1,000 watts, the electricity in your house in measured in kilowatts per hour

Three instances in which you'd seek medical care from an electric shock: 1. 2. 3.

1. Pregnant 2. Open burns on the skin 3. Not current on tetanus shot

The three types of UV light are: 1. 2. 3.

1. UVA 2.UBV 3.UVC

Milliampere

1/1000 of an ampere, the current used for facial and scalp treatments is measured in mA

Visible light makes up only ______________% of natural sunlight.

35

Invisible light makes up ________________% of light.

65

Nonconductor

A material that does not transmit electricity.

Desincrustation

A process used to soften and emulsify sebum and blackheads in the follicle.

Alternating Current

A rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction.

Circuit Breaker

A switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of overload.

Tesla high-frequency current

A thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration.

Electrode

AKA Probe; an applicator for directing electric current from an electrotherapy device to the client's skin.

Microcurrent

An extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electric impulses.

Conductor

Any material that conducts electricity.

Rectifier

Apparatus that changes alternating current to direct current

Underwriters Laboratories

Certifies the safety of electrical appliances

Grounding

Completes an electric circuit and carries the current safely away.

Galvanic current

Constant and direct current, having a positive and negative pole, that produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body.

Direct Current

Constant, even flowing current that travels in one direction through chemical means.

Modalities

Currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments.

Ground Fault Interrupter (GFI)

Designed to protect from electrical shock by interrupting a household circuit when there is a leak in the circuit.

If you see sparks when plugging or unplugging an appliance, ______________________________.

Do not use until approved as safe by an electrician

Infrared light

Has longer wavelengths, penetrates more deeply, has less energy, and produces more heat than visible light.

Describe what to do if you drop an appliance in water.

If the outlet is GFI protected, the circuit will be killed immediately and you can safely unplug the appliance from the wall. If it's not GFI protected, flip the circuit off at the breaker box before unplugging the appliance.

Cataphoresis

Infuses an acidic product into deeper tissues of the skin by using galvanic current from the positive pole to the negative pole.

Anaphoresis

Infuses an alkaline product into the tissues of the skin from the negative pole to the positive pole.

UVC Light

Is blocked by the ozone layer; effective at killing bacteria, viruses, mold and other pathogens.

Invisible light

Light at either end of the visible spectrum of light that is invisible to the naked eye.

Watt

Measures how much electric energy is being used in one second.

Volt

Measures the pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor.

Ohm

Measures the resistance of an electric current.

Ampere

Measures the strength of an electric current.

UVB Light (Burning Rays)

Most associated with sunburns.

Microcurrent contraindications

Pacemakers, epilepsy, cancer, pregnancy, phlebitis, thrombosis, botox and fillers.

UVA Light (Aging Rays)

Penetrates directly into the dermis, damaging collagen and elastin; often used in tanning beds.

Conraindications for high frequency

Pregnant, epilepsy or seizure disorders, asthma, high blood pressure, a sinus blockage, pacemaker or metal implants

Polarity

Refers to the poles of an electric current, either positive or negative.

Benefits of high frequency

Stimulates blood circulation, increases elimination and absorption, increases metabolism, improves germicidal action, relieves skin congestion

Catalysts

Substances that speed up chemical reactions; some use heat while others use light.

Wavelengths

The distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves.

Active electrode

The electrode used on the area being treated by the esthetician.

Waveform

The measurement of the distance between two wavelengths.

Electricity

The movement of electrons from one atom to another along a conductor.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

The name given to all of the forms of energy (or radiation) that exist.

Inactive electrode

The opposite pole from the active electrode that makes constant contact with the client receiving treatment.

Visible light

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen.

Complete electric current

The path that negative and positive currents take from the generating source through the conductor and back to the generating source.

Iontophoresis

The process of infusing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current.

Electrotherapy

The use of electrical currents to treat the skin.

A 40-watt lightbulb uses 40-watts of energy per second.

True

A circuit breaker has replaced the use of a fuse box and can be reset by simply switching the circuit breaker back on.

True

A phone charger is an example of an inverter.

True

All electrical equipment must be inspected regularly to determine whether it's in safe working order.

True

Always pull on the plug and not the cord to disconnect an appliance.

True

Appliances with a third circular grounding pin on the plug offer the most protection for you and your clients.

True

Before re-establishing a circuit after an overload, all appliances must be un-plugged or disconnected.

True

Careless electrical connections and overloaded circuits can result in an electric shock, burn, or a serious fire.

True

Copper is an example of a good conductor.

True

Desincrustation = Anaphoresis (-) = Use of a Cathode

True

Desincrustation is frequently used to treat acne and comedones.

True

Distilled water is a poor example of a good conductor, however, the ions in tap water make it a good conductor.

True

Do not touch two metal objects at the same time if either one is connected to an electric outlet.

True

Each modality requires two electrodes, one negative and one positive.

True

Excessive use of or exposure to both UVA and UVB light can cause premature aging and skin cancer.

True

If you receive a shock sensation from a tool or appliance, immediately turn it off and unplug it from the wall.

True

In order to re-establish the circuit of a fuse box, a new fuse must be inserted.

True

Infrared light has been used in wound healing, to diminish signs of aging, to increase circulation and to assist with chronic pain management.

True

Iontophoresis = Cataphoresis (+) = Use of an Anode

True

Lasers are designed to focus all light power to a specific depth and in one direction within the skin, using the same color of light.

True

Long wave lengths have a lower frequency than shorter wavelengths because the number of waves is less frequent within a waveform pattern.

True

Microcurrent doesn't travel throughout the entire body and only serves the specific area being treated.

True

Never leave a client unattended while the client is connected to an electrical device.

True

Tesla current doesn't produce muscle contractions.

True

Tesla high frequency is the only modality that utilizes a single electrode.

True

The effects of Tesla high frequency can either be stimulating or soothing depending on the method of application.

True

The thicker the wire, the higher the strength.

True

UL approval certifies that appliances are safe when used according to the manufacturers instructions.

True

Use only one cord in each outlet. If more than one plug is needed in an area, use a power strip with a surge protector.

True

Violet has the shortest wavelength and red has the longest.

True

A ______________________ prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit because it's designed to melt when the wire becomes too hot from overloading the circuit.

fuse

Infrared light produces __________________.

heat

Light waves consist of ________________________ light, _______________________ light and ________________________ light used for light therapy services.

infared, visible, ultraviolet

An ______________________ is also known as a nonconductor.

insulator

Microcurrent can be used for ____________________________, firming, toning, and soothing the skin. It can also help to heal acne.

iontophoresis

Short wave lengths have high frequency, __________________________ penetration and more energy.

less

Most electrical emergencies in a salon or spa will be related to ______________ voltage, which are rarely critical but can be dangerous and painful.

low

Electricity is a form of energy, that when in motion, exhibits _________________________, ________________________, or _______________________ effects,

magnetic, chemical, thermal

Alternating current is produced by _____________________________ means and changes directions 60 times per second.

mechanical

Rubber, silk, wood, glass and cement are good examples of __________________________.

nonconductors

A wire that isn't large enough to carry the electrical current passing through it will _________________________.

overheat

Inverters usually have a _____________________ and ____________________, which allow you to use appliances outside of your home or salon without having to be plugged into a wall outlet.

plug, cord

Electricity doesn't occupy _______________________ or have _______________________, therefore it is not matter.

space, mass

All appliances must have at least ________________ prongs on the plug.

two

Tesla high frequency is also known as ___________________________.

violet ray

UV light prompt the skin to produce ______________________.

vitamin D