Ch. 8

True or False: A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering loss of the synovial fluids.

False

True or False: All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight.

False

True or False: Hinge joints permit movement in only two planes.

False

True or False: Symphyses are synarthrotic joints designed for strength with flexibility.

False

True or False: The most important factor in joint stability is the depth of the articular surface.

False

True or False: The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements.

False

Tooth in socket.

Gomphosis

Joint found only in the skull.

Suture

Bones united by fibrocartilage.

Symphysis

Bones are connected exclusively by ligaments.

Syndesmosis

True or False: A ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial joint.

True

True or False: A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the ligaments that attach to that joint.

True

True or False: Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion.

True

True or False: Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion.

True

True or False: Supination is the movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned anteriorly or superiorly.

True

True or False: Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from blood.

True

True or False: The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of that joint.

True

True or False: The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint.

True

True or False: The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity.

True

Which of the following is one difference between bursae and tendon sheaths? a. Bursae are flattened fibrous sacs wedged between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths are elongated fibrous sacs that wrap around tendons. b. Bursae serve as cushioning fat pads between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths reduce friction between adjacent structures. c. Bursae are only found in synovial joints, while tendon sheaths are only found in fibrous joints. d. Bursae contain a thin film of synovial fluid, while tendon sheaths lack synovial fluid altogether.

a. Bursae are flattened fibrous sacs wedged between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths are elongated fibrous sacs that wrap around tendons.

Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements? a. Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints. b. An example of a gliding movement is nodding one's head. c. Gliding movements are multiaxial. d. Gliding movements allow flexibility of the upper limbs.

a. Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.

Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid? a. It contains hyaluronic acid. b. It contains enzymes only. c. It contains hydrochloric acid. d. It contains lactic acid.

a. It contains hyaluronic acid.

Which of the following statements best describes angular movements? a. They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones. b. They turn a bone along its own long axis. c. They allow movement only in one plane. d. They occur only between bones with flat articular processes.

a. They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.

Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint. Which of the following correctly characterizes that joint? a. diarthrotic b. pivot c. cartilaginous d. biaxial

a. diarthrotic

The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________. a. prevent hyperextension of the knee b. are also called collateral ligaments c. tend to run parallel to one another d. attach to each other in their midportions

a. prevent hyperextension of the knee

Which of the following are correctly paired? a. synchondrosis; a plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones b. syndesmosis; bony edges interlock c. suture; bones connected exclusively by ligaments d. gomphosis; articulating bones are separated by a fluid- containing cavity

a. synchondrosis; a plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones

An example of an interosseus fibrous joint is ________. a. the radius and ulna along its length b. between the vertebrae c. between the humerus and the glenoid cavity d. the clavicle and the scapula at the distal ends

a. the radius and ulna along its length

Which joint allows a side-to-side movement called lateral excursion? a. the temporomandibular joint b. the tibiofemoral joint c. the glenohumeral joint d. the hip joint

a. the temporomandibular joint

In the classification of joints, which of the following is true? a. Immovable joints are called amphiarthroses. b. All synovial joints are freely movable. c. Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable. d. In cartilaginous joints, a joint cavity is present.

b. All synovial joints are freely movable.

Maggie is a 28-year-old Caucasian woman who has newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA). She complains of painful, stiff hands and feet, feeling tired all the time, and reports an intermittent low-grade fever. She asks the nurse if she is going to be "crippled." How should the nurse respond? a. RA arthritis is due to the accumulation of crystals in the joints that impair movement of the joint and cause extreme pain. b. RA is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disorder. Inflammation occurs in the joint, and the fluid that accumulates causes swelling, stiffness, impairment of joint movement, and extreme pain. c. Not all cases of RA result in fluid accumulation, swelling, stiffness, impairment of joint movement, and extreme pain. d. RA results in the formation of bony spurs that enlarge the bone ends, restrict joint movement, and cause pain.

b. RA is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disorder. Inflammation occurs in the joint, and the fluid that accumulates causes swelling, stiffness, impairment of joint movement, and extreme pain.

Which of the following is true about the shoulder joint? a. The deepness of the glenoid strengthens the joint overall. b. The glenohumeral joint is more mobile, making it less stable. c. Ligaments surround the glenohumeral joint on all sides and strengthen the joint. d. Many muscles cross the glenohumeral joint and limit the mobility of the joint.

b. The glenohumeral joint is more mobile, making it less stable.

Performing "jumping jacks" requires ________. a. inversion and eversion b. abduction and adduction c. pronation and supination d. flexion and extention

b. abduction and adduction

Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called ________. a. tendons b. bursae c. ligaments d. menisci

b. bursae

Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Identify a saddle joint of the skeleton. a. carpometacarpal joint of the phalanges b. carpometacarpal joint of the thumb c. metacarpophalangeal joint of the finger d. interphalangeal joint of the finger

b. carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the ________. a. hands b. feet c. arms d. hands and the feet

b. feet

Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________. a. extension b. hyperextension c. circumduction d. flexion

b. hyperextension

The gliding motion of the wrist uses ________ joints. a. condyloid b. plane c. hinge d. pivot

b. plane

Pointing the toes is an example of ________. a. circumduction b. plantar flexion c. pronation d. protraction

b. plantar flexion

The type of joint between the carpal (trapezium) and the first metacarpal is a ________ joint. a. condylar b. saddle c. plane d. hinge

b. saddle

Synovial joints are classified into six main categories based on __________. a. location b. shape of articular surfaces c. size d. type of synovial fluid

b. shape of articular surfaces Based on the shape of their articular surfaces, which in turn determines the movements allowed, synovial joints can be classified into six major categories: plane, hinge, pivot, condylar (or ellipsoid), saddle, and ball-and-socket joints.

A joint united by fibrocartilage tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a ________. a. syndesmosis b. symphysis c. suture d. gomphosis

b. symphysis

On the basis of structural classification, which is a fibrous joint? a. pivot b. syndesmosis c. symphysis d. synchondrosis

b. syndesmosis

Which of the following represents a structural classification for joints that are separated by a joint cavity? a. fibrous b. synovial c. diarthrosis d. cartilaginous

b. synovial

Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to joint stability? a. the amount of muscle tone applied to tendons that cross the joint b. the amount of synovial fluid in the joint cavity c. the shape of the articulating surfaces d. the number and positioning of reinforcing ligaments

b. the amount of synovial fluid in the joint cavity

Which joint does NOT belong with the others? a. elbow b. wrist c. interphalangeal (toes) d. ankle

b. wrist

Which of the following statements is correct? a. If a joint can exhibit flexion, extension, and abduction, then it is triaxial. b. If a joint can exhibit adduction and abduction, then it is biaxial. c. If a joint can exhibit extension, abduction, and rotation, then it is triaxial. d. A joint that exhibits adduction and extension is uniaxial.

c. If a joint can exhibit extension, abduction, and rotation, then it is triaxial.

Antibiotic treatment would be recommended for ________. a. osteoarthritis b. gout c. Lyme disease d. rheumatoid arthritis

c. Lyme disease

Tendon sheaths ________. a. are extensions of periosteum b. are lined with dense irregular connective tissue c. act as friction-reducing structures d. help anchor the tendon to the muscle

c. act as friction-reducing structures

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________. a. diarthroses b. synarthroses c. amphiarthroses d. synovial joints

c. amphiarthroses

Which of the following refers to a joint that is slightly movable? a. synovial b. synarthrosis c. amphiarthrosis d. diarthrosis

c. amphiarthrosis

Which joints are correctly matched? a. wrist; saddle b. interphalangeal; plane c. ankle; hinge d. elbow; pivot

c. ankle; hinge

Synarthrotic joints ________. a. are found only in adults b. have large joint cavities c. are immovable joints d. characterize all cartilaginous joints

c. are immovable joints

If a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is not properly repaired, the consequences could include the inability to prevent ________. a. medial rotation of an extended knee b. lateral rotation of an extended knee c. forward sliding of the tibia on the femur d. forward sliding of the femur

c. forward sliding of the tibia on the femur

The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ________ synovial joint. a. nonaxial b. uniaxial c. multiaxial d. biaxial

c. multiaxial

Which of the following are correctly paired? a. biaxial joint; permits movement in one plane and around one axis b. nonaxial movement; no movement c. multiaxial movement; movement in all three planes and around all three axes d. uniaxial joint; permits only slipping or gliding movements

c. multiaxial movement; movement in all three planes and around all three axes

Moving your jaw forward, causing an underbite, is called ________. a. adduction b. retraction c. protraction d. pronation

c. protraction

Which inflammatory joint disease is caused by the bites of ticks that live on mice and deer? a. rheumatoid arthritis b. bursitis c. gouty arthritis d. Lyme disease

d. Lyme disease

Which of the following are cartilaginous joints? a. Syndesmoses b. Gomphoses c. Sutures d. Synchondroses

d. Synchondroses

Which of the following ligaments prevents the tibia from sliding forward in the knee joint? a. tibial collateral ligament b. arcuate popliteal ligament c. oblique popliteal ligament d. anterior cruciate ligament

d. anterior cruciate ligament

Which of the following is a feature of synovial joints? a. bone ends covered with fibrocartilage b. an empty joint cavity c. synarthosis d. bone ends covered with hyaline cartilage

d. bone ends covered with hyaline cartilage

A joint held together by fibrocartilage would be classified as a __________ joint. a. fibrous b. synovial c. amphiarthrosis d. cartilaginous

d. cartilaginous

Which of the following statements defines synchondroses? a. interphalangeal joints b. joints that permit angular movements c. amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility d. cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones

d. cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones

The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called ________. a. patellar ligaments b. anterior ligaments c. tibial collateral ligaments d. cruciate ligaments

d. cruciate ligaments

The main reason the hip joint is stable is because of the __________. a. rotator cuff muscles b. bulky hip and thigh muscles surrounding the joint c. muscle tendons that cross the joint d. deep socket of the joint and strong capsular ligaments

d. deep socket of the joint and strong capsular ligaments

Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint? a. suture b. synchondrosis c. symphysis d. hinge joint

d. hinge joint

In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with ________. a. fibrocartilage b. synovial membranes c. tendon sheaths d. hyaline cartilage

d. hyaline cartilage

Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing feature of a synovial joint? a. synovial fluid b. a capsule that creates a space in the joint c. ligaments connecting the two bones of the joint d. hyaline cartilage connecting the two bones of the joint

d. hyaline cartilage connecting the two bones of the joint

Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to ________. a. produce red blood cells (hemopoiesis) b. attach tendons c. form the synovial membrane d. provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints

d. provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints

Which of the following movements does NOT increase or decrease the angle between bones? a. abduction b. circumduction c. extension d. rotation

d. rotation

Fibrous joints are classified as ________. a. hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal b. symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular c. pivot, hinge, and ball and socket d. sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses

d. sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses

Which of the following is NOT strictly a part of a synovial joint? a. joint (articular) cavity b. articular (joint) capsule c. articular cartilage d. tendon sheath

d. tendon sheath

An individual with a "double-jointed" thumb can pull it back towards the wrist much farther than normal. What does it mean to be "double-jointed?" a. articular cartilage at bone ends is replaced with hyaline cartilage b. the additional joint present doubles the range of motion c. greater than normal production of serous fluid lubricates the joint and extends it d. the joint capsules and ligaments are more stretchy and loose than normal

d. the joint capsules and ligaments are more stretchy and loose than normal

Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped? a. the lateral patellar retinacula b. the medial patellar retinacula c. the extracapsular ligament d. the patellar ligament

d. the patellar ligament

What are menisci (articular discs)? a. cavities lined with cartilage b. small sacs containing synovial fluid c. tendon sheaths d. wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity

d. wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity

When you bring any of your fingers in contact with your thumb, this movement is called __________. a. dorsiflexion b. flexion c. retraction d. supination e. opposition

e. opposition