Ch1
Robert Hooke
Also credited with discovery of microbes Described 'microscopical mushroom' (common bread mold) in 1665
Spontaneous Generation
Belief that life arises spontaneously from non-living material Took over 200 years and many experiments to refute
Malaria Tuberculosis
EIDs that have become more common
Louis Pasteur
French chemist demonstrated air is filled with microorganisms Filtered air through cotton plug Observed trapped microorganisms Many looked identical to those found in broths Plug in sterilized broth gave rise to microorganisms constructed swan-necked flasks Boiled infusions remained sterile despite opening to air Microorganisms from air settled in bends of flasks Ended arguments that unheated air or broths contained "vital force" necessary for spontaneous generation
endospores
Heat-resistant form of bacteria
normal microbiota
Human body carries enormous population of microorganisms called the Play essential role in human health
John Needham
In 1749, demonstrated boiled broths still produced microorganisms
Father Spallanzani
In 1776, contradicted Needham's results Boiled broths longer; sealed flasks by melting necks Broths remained sterile unless neck cracked
Irish potato famine in 1845-1849 English foot-and-mouth disease in 2001 Wheat Blast" in 2016
Infectious disease in non-human populations
Francesco Redi
Italian biologist and physician who demonstrated worms on rotting meat came from eggs of flies landing on meat (1668) Placed meat in two jars Covered one jar with gauze Gauze prevented flies from depositing eggs No eggs →no worms
Antony van Leeuwenhoek
Made simple magnifying glass Studied lake water Observed 'animalcules' 1674
John Tyndall
Pasteur's results not fully reproducible English physicist explained conflicting data and showed Pasteur correct
Genetic engineering
Production of medications by certain microorganisms, such as insulin for treatment of diabetes Production of plants with desirable qualities
Human Microbiome Project
Started in 2007 DNA sequencing studies to characterize microbial communities that inhabit the human body
National Microbiome Initiative (NMI)
Started in 2016 Expands scope of microbiome research Humans AND surrounding environment
Germ Theory of Disease
The principle that microorganisms cause diseases is called the
Biogenesis
describes the production of living things from other living things
Emerging infectious disease (EID)
disease that has become more common in last 35 years
microbes
includes acellular members of the microbial world
Microorganisms
organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye.
Bioremediation
use of microorganisms to hasten decay of pollutants
Ferdinand Cohn
1876, German botanist discovered endospores
Microbiome
Total genetic content of the microbial community The microbial community itself
Biotechnology
Use of microbiological and biochemical techniques to solve practical problems
