Ch.16-2 The Columbian Exchange

Bartolomé de las Casas

A priest that wanted to convert the American Indians by being kind and showing love.

1a. Recall Where did peanuts and maize become important crops?

China was where peanuts and maize became important.

Exchanges of Plants, animals, technology, culture and ideas among Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas

Europe: Europe gave Americas domesticated livestock and useful crops. In turn, they took crops such as tomatoes, beans, potatoes, and chili peppers. Gave guns to both Americas and Africa. They also tried to convert the Indians, Asians, and Africans to Christianity. Americas: Received animals, but gave plants and vegetables such as tomatoes and potatoes to all other countries. Was introduced into plantations, guns, animal uses, and Christianity.

Technology

Europeans took guns to Africa and America. They also introduced ways to use animals to help you, such as horses being rode to other places or cities. People made plantations in the Americas to grow sugarcane.

plantations

Large farms.

Major Effect on Economics

Europeans became very rich and used many people. They got a lot of gold that was produced every day and sent to the king or queen. This made the Europeans the richest on the planet by far.

Old World Plants and Animals

Europeans brought the Americas many useful animals and crops, such as sheep, cows, pigs, chickens, bananas, sugarcane, oranges, and lettuce. There weren't many domesticated animals before the arrival of the Spanish. There were incidental exchanges too, like diseases and rats.

New World Plants and Animals

Europeans took many useful crops from the Americas, such as tomatoes, potatoes, beans, squash, avocados, pineapples, tobacco, and chili peppers. They also traded these products to other parts of the world where they grew easier.

2b. Summarize How did contact with Europeans change life in the New World?

It made the Europeans the most dominant continent in the World.

Slavery and Society

Las Casas proposed that the Europeans use the enslaved Africans to run the mines and plantations also. The Africans were already immune to the diseases, so they soon sent thousands of slaves to the Americas. Soon, the world was divided into a social order that involved racism. This slavery made continued on for many, many years and changed the outlook on these people today.

primary

Main, top focus.

Religion and Language

Missionaries were sent out to convert people into Christians, but they ended up mixing their religion with Christianity. The missionaries also ran schools that taught people European languages such as the Dutch language and Spanish.

3b. Analyze How was plantation agriculture related to racism in the Americas?

Plantation agriculture only grew specific crops while racism has a few specific people that must work.

1b. Make Inferences Why was the exchange of plants and animals between the Old World and the New World called the Columbian Exchange?

The New World and Old World probably was started in what is Columbia today.

Treatment of American Indians

The Spanish became very successful off of mines and plantations. But, the plantations and mines required a lot of people to run it. By forcing the Indians to work too hard, they killed about 80% of the population. Some clergy members wanted to treat them better, and a law was made that required people to act nicer to Indians, but Colonists usually ignored this law.

3a. Define What is racism?

The belief that some people are better than others because of racial traits, such as skin color.

racism

The belief that some people are better than others because of racial traits, such as skin color.

The Columbian Exchange Summary

The discovery of new lands had a huge effect on the people, one bigger than anyone could imagine. The materials that they encountered and traded created a huge economic and social effect. Slavery that the Europeans had on their mines and plantations continued for many years, changing the whole world.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, and ideas between the New World (the Americas) and the Old World (Europe).

3c. Evaluate Judge whether the ideas of Bartolomé de las Casas brought positive or negative changes to life in the Americas.

The ideas of Bartolomé de las Casas brought positive changes to life in the Americas because it helped save the American population, even though most of the land was converted into plantations.

Social Effect

There was a significant decrease in the Indian and African population, leaving them vulnerable for attack. It also symbolized who was at the top of the social order and who was at the bottom.

2a. Identify What were two technologies that Europeans introduced to the Americas?

They introduced guns and horse transportation.