Ch.4 quiz

Cal was worried because of how much his newborn son was sleeping. He called the doctor to check how many hours a typical 2-month-old sleeps. The doctor told him newborns are supposed to sleep _____ hours each day.

14-17

Quincy notices that he feels much more focused and aware later in the day and struggles to concentrate in his 8 a.m. meeting at work. Based on his circadian rhythm, Quincy is most likely in what age group?

20-25

Jaebok stayed up studying most of the night for his calculus final. He only slept about 4 hours. According to research, his memory and cognitive functioning will be decreased by approximately what percentage?

30%

Adolescents need _____ hours of sleep each night but on average only get ______ hours of sleep each night.

8-10; 7

In a study on inattentional blindness, what percentage of radiologists failed to detect the intentional insertion of the image of a gorilla in CT scans?

83%

Which of the following can lead to a decreased level of consciousness?

Alcohol

People commonly dream of their teeth falling out; if you ascribe to the idea that dreams have hidden meanings, what is a way to interpret this dream?

Anxiety about self-image and appearance

Ritalin, a stimulant drug, is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. How does a stimulant help people who already have difficulties with distraction and hyperactivity?

By providing internal stimulation of neurotransmitters within the brain instead of the person seeking external stimulation

What is the most widely used stimulant drug in the world?

Caffeine

Janel goes to sleep at night around 11 p.m. and usually drifts off quickly. She wakes up every morning at 3:45 and tosses and turns for 2 hours until she falls into a restless sleep to wake up at 6:30 feeling tired and groggy. She struggles throughout her day to stay awake and concentrate. Janel most likely suffers from which sleep disorder?

Insomnia

In order to study sleep in natural conditions, researchers took people out to camp in the woods for one week. What did they discover about the influence of natural light on the participant's biological clocks?

It shifted the increase and decrease of melatonin in their bodies to 2 hours earlier to correspond with the natural light-dark conditions.

Drew is an 18-year-old senior in high school. He has been using marijuana for 2 years on a daily basis and believes it has no long-term side effects. What does the research show as a potential side effect for Drew?

Lower IQ score

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine changed the sleep cycle system in 2012 and now recognizes which stage of sleep as the deepest stage?

N3

This disorder involves excessive daytime sleepiness and periodic, uncontrolled sleep attacks that may leave the sufferer falling asleep at odd and inconvenient times.

Narcolepsy

_________ perception is an example of awareness without attention.

Subliminal

This small part of the hypothalamus controls the circadian clock and is responsive to light.

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

____________ waves emerge in sleep Stage N1 and continue into Stage N2.

Theta

Mia gets so drunk at college parties that she passes out and wakes up in a different location. She is not concerned about her behavior; however, her actions would fit into which diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder?

Using the substance in risky situations

What is one of the most commonly prescribed benzodiazepines on college campuses?

Xanax

Sam has been taking opioids she buys from her friend for more than a year. She has spent all her savings on buying these pills and is considering dropping out of school so she can work more to make more money to buy drugs. If she goes too long without taking a pill, she begins to sweat and feel nauseated. Sam is experiencing ______________.

a substance use disorder and physiological dependence

Petra feels really alive and an overwhelming sense of well-being after her 4-mile morning run. We could say Petra has entered a(n) __________state of consciousness after exercise.

altered

Justin installed a blue tooth device in his car. He now believes he will be safe from distracted driving because he does not have to use his hands to hold his phone. Justin doesn't understand that distracted driving stems from impaired _______ caused by redirection of ________.

cognition; attention

Narcotics are a type of __________that work by stimulating the body's internal pain management system or ___________.

depressant; endorphins

Andre sometimes will wake himself up because his body jerks as he is drifting off to sleep and he says it feels like he is falling. Researchers refer to this bodily sensation as a _______________.

hypnagogic jerk

The information-processing perspective on dreaming suggests dreams allow us to consolidate experiences from the day into ___________.

memories

This type of meditation trains a person to become a nonjudgmental observer of all their thoughts and emotions.

open monitoring meditation

Drugs that alter brain functions resulting in changes in consciousness, perception, and/or mood are called ___________ drugs.

psychoactive

A person can be diagnosed with a substance use disorder when the pattern of drug use causes _________ impairment or ___________ in the person's life.

significant; distress

Katie who is 10 years old will occasionally find herself asleep at the foot of her parents' bed in the morning, even though she went to sleep in her own bed. She never remembers leaving her room and walking to her parents' room. Katie is experiencing _______, which tends to occur during ______ sleep.

sleepwalking; NREM

Cyan told her friend that she believes her dreams are just random neural activity and they have no deeper meaning. Cyan believes in:

the activation-synthesis hypothesis.