ch6

An example of positive nitrogen balance:

a growing children and pregnant women.

An example of negative nitrogen balance:

an astronaut. When muscles or other protein tissues is break down and lost. Illness or injury.

• This disease is caused by the deficiency of protein in the diet of child. • Kwashiorkor occurs in children in the age group 1-5 years. • The disease is more common in villages where there is small gap period between successive pregnancies. • In this disease, swelling of body is observed due to retention of fluids. • Wasting of muscles is not evident. • Skin changes color and become broken and scaly.

characteristic of Kwashiorkor

There are 20 amino acid types:

9 are essential amino acids and 11 are nonessential amino acids.

a polypeptide.

A string of 10 or more amino acids bonded together is know as

protein and carbohydrate

Both_________and__________supply 4 gram of calories

The RDA for protein:

Depends on body size, recommended intake (0.8g/kg of IBW)

Denaturation of a protein occurs when the protein is exposed to:

Heat, radiation, alcohol, acids, bases, or the salts of heavy metal.

9 essential amino acids.

How many essential amino acids:

Define vegan:

Includes only food from plant sources: vegetables, grains legumes, fruits, seeds, and nut

Differences between Marasmus and Kwashiorkor Disease

Kwashiorkor • This disease is caused by the deficiency of protein in the diet of child. • Kwashiorkor occurs in children in the age group 1-5 years. • The disease is more common in villages where there is small gap period between successive pregnancies. • In this disease, swelling of body is observed due to retention of fluids. • Wasting of muscles is not evident. • Skin changes color and become broken and scaly. Marasmus o This disease is caused by deficiency of protein as well as energy nutrients (that is carbohydrates and fats) in the diet. o Marasmus occurs in children below the age of 1 year. o This disease is more common in towns and cities where breast-feeding in discontinued quite early. o No swelling of body takes place in Marasmus. o In Marasmus, wasting of muscles is quite evident. The child is reduced to skin and bones. o Skin does not change color and does not break.

Review exchange list and the correct amount of protein

Milk= 8g; Bread= 3g; Vegetable= 3g; Meat= 7g ; Fruit= 0g

stomach and intestine

Protein digestion begins in the

complementary proteins.

Proteins from different foods that, together, contain all of the essential amino acid are called

nitrogen

The amount of protein that enters the body and is utilized in the body can be measured by__________balance students.

amino acid tryptophan.

The basis building blocks for protein are

Denaturation

The process of unfolding a protein from its original 3-dimensional shape.

the sequence of the bases in the gene that encodes that protein.

The sequence of amino acids are determined by

Side chains

What are differences between amino acids:

A complete protein (or whole protein) is a source of protein that contains an adequate proportion of all nine of the essential amino acids necessary for the dietary needs of humans or other animals.

What is Complete proteins means

An incomplete protein source is one that is low in one or more of the essential amino acids, such as legumes, which lacks methionine.

What is Incomplete proteins means?

Protein digestibility corrected amino acid score.

What is PDCAAS stand for?

Protein-energy malnutrition is the most widespread form of malnutrition in the world today.

What is PEM?

Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that breaks down protein into smaller peptides.

What is pepsin? (Enzyme)

Mucus

What is protect the protein in the stomach lining from stomach acid

Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)

What is protein quality measuring tool?

Peptide bond is formed between amine group end of one amino acid and acid group end of the next.

What is the bond which is formed between two amino acid?

Protein contains nitrogen atoms in addition to the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen atoms that all 3 energy-yielding nutrients contain.

What is the difference between protein and fat and carbohydrate?

Fruit and fruit juices

Which exchange group food does not contain protein?

Whole grain such as brown rice, corn.

Which food provide a full complement of protein with black beans

When amino acids are wasted (not used to build protein)

because there is not enough energy from carbohydrate and fat, low-quality protein, and too much protein.

o This disease is caused by deficiency of protein as well as energy nutrients (that is carbohydrates and fats) in the diet. o Marasmus occurs in children below the age of 1 year. o This disease is more common in towns and cities where breast-feeding in discontinued quite early. o No swelling of body takes place in Marasmus. o In Marasmus, wasting of muscles is quite evident. The child is reduced to skin and bones. o Skin does not change color and does not break.

characteristic of Marasmus

a form of malnutrition that occurs when there is not enough protein in the diet.

what is Kwashiorkor disease?

a form of severe malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency.

what is Marasmus disease?