Ch7. Motivation 2: LO7.3 Expectancy Theory of Motivation/Vroom's Expectancy Theory
effort -> performance
First, motivation is affected by an individual's expectation that a certain level of effort will produce the intended performance goal.
The following factors influence an employee's expectancy perceptions:
Self-esteem. • Self-efficacy. • Previous success at the task. • Help received from others. • Information necessary to complete the task. • Good materials and equipment to work with.
Vroom's theory
The strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectancy that the act will be followed by a given consequence (or outcome) and on the value or attractiveness of that consequence (or outcome) to the actor.
Expectancy
according to Vroom's terminology, represents an individual's belief that a particular degree of effort will be followed by a particular level of performance. effort -> performance
outcomes
different consequences that are contingent on performance, such as pay, promotions, or recognition.
the three key concepts within Vroom's model:
expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.
performance -> outcome
individuals are motivated to the extent that they value the outcomes received.
Expectancy theory
people are motivated to behave in ways that produce desired combinations of expected outcomes.
Instrumentality
performance -> outcome
Valence
the positive or negative value people place on outcomes.
Instrumentalities range
−1.0 to 1.0.