Ch7. Motivation 2: LO7.3 Expectancy Theory of Motivation/Vroom's Expectancy Theory

effort -> performance

First, motivation is affected by an individual's expectation that a certain level of effort will produce the intended performance goal.

The following factors influence an employee's expectancy perceptions:

Self-esteem. • Self-efficacy. • Previous success at the task. • Help received from others. • Information necessary to complete the task. • Good materials and equipment to work with.

Vroom's theory

The strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectancy that the act will be followed by a given consequence (or outcome) and on the value or attractiveness of that consequence (or outcome) to the actor.

Expectancy

according to Vroom's terminology, represents an individual's belief that a particular degree of effort will be followed by a particular level of performance. effort -> performance

outcomes

different consequences that are contingent on performance, such as pay, promotions, or recognition.

the three key concepts within Vroom's model:

expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.

performance -> outcome

individuals are motivated to the extent that they value the outcomes received.

Expectancy theory

people are motivated to behave in ways that produce desired combinations of expected outcomes.

Instrumentality

performance -> outcome

Valence

the positive or negative value people place on outcomes.

Instrumentalities range

−1.0 to 1.0.