Chap. 12 The Major Regions of the Brain

Wernicke's Area

Function Recognize certain words, translate words into thoughts, and helps sound out new words. Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe Left temporal and parietal and occipital

Pituitary Gland

Function Releases hormone inside the body Major brain region Diencephalon Brain Subregion Hypothalamus

Corpus Callosum "Fiber Tract"

Function allows the two hemisphere to function as a whole (coordination) Type of Fiber Commissural Fiber Regions of the brain connected by structure Cerebral hemispheres (Cerebrum)

Thalamus

Function forms the superolateral walls of the third ventricle Major brain region Diencephalon

Visual Association Area

Function Communicates with Primary Visual cortex using past visuals experience to interpret visual stimuli "recognition" Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe Occipital

Olfactory Cortex

Function Fibers from smell receptors send impulses along the tract relayed to olfactory. Result: Conscious awareness of different odors Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe Temporal

Choroid Plexus in Third Ventricle

Function Makes Cerebral Spinal fluid Major brain region Diencephalon Brain Subregion Epithalamus

Motor Association Area

Function Stores learned movement (typing and texting) "Practice makes Perfect" Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe Frontal

Auditory Cortex

Function Transmits impulse by the inner ear receptors caused by sound. "uninterrupted sound" Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe

The cortex of the cerebrum is made up of

Grey matter

White matters contains

Myelinated nerve fibers

The "Parieto-Occipital Sulcus" separates these lobes

Occipital from the Parietal

Hypothalamus

Function Caps the brain stem and form infrolateral walls of the third ventricle Major brain region Diencephalon

Primary Motor Cortex

Function Controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe Frontal Specific Gyrus Precentral

Broca's area

Function Directs muscles involved in speech and other voluntary motor movements "initiates impulses that result in speech" Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe Frontal (left)

Mammillary Bodies

Function Feeding reflexes: swallowing, licking, sucking Major brain region Diencephalon Brain Subregion Hypothalamus

Gustatory Cortex

Function Involves perceiving taste stimuli Major brain region Insula Lobe Temporal

Auditory Association area

Function Permits the perception of sound stimulus. interrupts what you "hear" Major brain region Lobe

Prefrontal Cortex

Function Plans complex cognitive learning abilities, recall and personality, working and memory Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe Frontal

Pineal Gland

Function Produces melatonin which puts you to sleep Major brain region Diencephalon Brain Subregion Epithalamus

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Function Receive stimuli from sensory receptors in skin, skeletal muscles, joints, and tendons Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe Parietal Specific Gyrus Postcentral

Primary Visual Cortex

Function Receives impulses from the Thalamus when the retina is stimulated - uninterrupted visual info Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe Occipital

The three types of brain fibers

1. Association Fibers 2. Commissural Fibers 3. Projection Fibers

The major regions of the brain are

1. Cerebrum 2. Midbrain 3. Diencephalon 4. Cerebellum 5. Pons 6. Medulla Oblongata

Name the five lobes of the cerebrum

1. Frontal 2. Parietal 3. Occipital 4. Temporal 5. Insula

Which major regions belong to the brain stem?

1. Pons 2. Medulla Oblongata 3. Midbrain

Lateralization

A division which separates the two hemisphere enabling them to have some separate abilities

Cerebral Nuclei

Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus Function Major brain region

Which areas of the brain are involved in language abilities?

Cerebral dominance

The longitudinal fissures separates

Cerebral hemispheres (left and right)

Commissural Fibers

Connect corresponding gray areas of two hemisphere

Association Fibers

Connect different parts of the same hemisphere

The "Central Sulcus" separates these lobes

Frontal lobe from parietal lobe

Cerebellum

Function

Somatosensory Association Area

Integrates sensory input (temp. and pressure) and relayed from Primary Somatosensory. "Understanding of objects being felt" Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe Frontal

Grey matters contains

Millions of neurons arranged in 6 layers and non-myelinated nerve fibers

The "Lateral Sulcus" separates these lobes

Temporal lobe from parietal and frontal lobes

Projection Fibers

Where motor output leaves (other regions of the brain)

Multimodal Association area

receives input from multiple senses and send outputs to multiple areas. (sensation, thought, and emotion become conscious)