Chap. 12 The Major Regions of the Brain
Wernicke's Area
Function Recognize certain words, translate words into thoughts, and helps sound out new words. Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe Left temporal and parietal and occipital
Pituitary Gland
Function Releases hormone inside the body Major brain region Diencephalon Brain Subregion Hypothalamus
Corpus Callosum "Fiber Tract"
Function allows the two hemisphere to function as a whole (coordination) Type of Fiber Commissural Fiber Regions of the brain connected by structure Cerebral hemispheres (Cerebrum)
Thalamus
Function forms the superolateral walls of the third ventricle Major brain region Diencephalon
Visual Association Area
Function Communicates with Primary Visual cortex using past visuals experience to interpret visual stimuli "recognition" Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe Occipital
Olfactory Cortex
Function Fibers from smell receptors send impulses along the tract relayed to olfactory. Result: Conscious awareness of different odors Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe Temporal
Choroid Plexus in Third Ventricle
Function Makes Cerebral Spinal fluid Major brain region Diencephalon Brain Subregion Epithalamus
Motor Association Area
Function Stores learned movement (typing and texting) "Practice makes Perfect" Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe Frontal
Auditory Cortex
Function Transmits impulse by the inner ear receptors caused by sound. "uninterrupted sound" Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe
The cortex of the cerebrum is made up of
Grey matter
White matters contains
Myelinated nerve fibers
The "Parieto-Occipital Sulcus" separates these lobes
Occipital from the Parietal
Hypothalamus
Function Caps the brain stem and form infrolateral walls of the third ventricle Major brain region Diencephalon
Primary Motor Cortex
Function Controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe Frontal Specific Gyrus Precentral
Broca's area
Function Directs muscles involved in speech and other voluntary motor movements "initiates impulses that result in speech" Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe Frontal (left)
Mammillary Bodies
Function Feeding reflexes: swallowing, licking, sucking Major brain region Diencephalon Brain Subregion Hypothalamus
Gustatory Cortex
Function Involves perceiving taste stimuli Major brain region Insula Lobe Temporal
Auditory Association area
Function Permits the perception of sound stimulus. interrupts what you "hear" Major brain region Lobe
Prefrontal Cortex
Function Plans complex cognitive learning abilities, recall and personality, working and memory Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe Frontal
Pineal Gland
Function Produces melatonin which puts you to sleep Major brain region Diencephalon Brain Subregion Epithalamus
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
Function Receive stimuli from sensory receptors in skin, skeletal muscles, joints, and tendons Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe Parietal Specific Gyrus Postcentral
Primary Visual Cortex
Function Receives impulses from the Thalamus when the retina is stimulated - uninterrupted visual info Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe Occipital
The three types of brain fibers
1. Association Fibers 2. Commissural Fibers 3. Projection Fibers
The major regions of the brain are
1. Cerebrum 2. Midbrain 3. Diencephalon 4. Cerebellum 5. Pons 6. Medulla Oblongata
Name the five lobes of the cerebrum
1. Frontal 2. Parietal 3. Occipital 4. Temporal 5. Insula
Which major regions belong to the brain stem?
1. Pons 2. Medulla Oblongata 3. Midbrain
Lateralization
A division which separates the two hemisphere enabling them to have some separate abilities
Cerebral Nuclei
Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus Function Major brain region
Which areas of the brain are involved in language abilities?
Cerebral dominance
The longitudinal fissures separates
Cerebral hemispheres (left and right)
Commissural Fibers
Connect corresponding gray areas of two hemisphere
Association Fibers
Connect different parts of the same hemisphere
The "Central Sulcus" separates these lobes
Frontal lobe from parietal lobe
Cerebellum
Function
Somatosensory Association Area
Integrates sensory input (temp. and pressure) and relayed from Primary Somatosensory. "Understanding of objects being felt" Major brain region Cerebrum Lobe Frontal
Grey matters contains
Millions of neurons arranged in 6 layers and non-myelinated nerve fibers
The "Lateral Sulcus" separates these lobes
Temporal lobe from parietal and frontal lobes
Projection Fibers
Where motor output leaves (other regions of the brain)
Multimodal Association area
receives input from multiple senses and send outputs to multiple areas. (sensation, thought, and emotion become conscious)