Chap 4, Administering Parenteral Medications
A (hypotonic dehydration)
0.45% NaCl has been hung for which of the following conditions? A) hypotonic dehydration B) calorie replacement C) Gastric fluid loss due to nasogastric suctioning or vomiting D) hypernatremia
Most common (needle gauges)
20,21,23, and 25
1,1.5,21,23,90
A ___ to ____ inch needle is used for an intramuscular injection. The size of the needle is ___ to ___ gauge and the angle of the injection is _____°
5/8,25,45,90
A _______ inch needle is used for a subcutaneous injection. The size of the needle is ______ gauge and the angle of the injection is ______ to _____°.
3/8, 25,26,5,15
A ________ inch needle is used for an intradermal injection. The size of the needle is _____ to _____ gauge and the angle of the injection is _____ to _______°.
B (Thrombophlebitis)
A patient develops redness and edema at the IV site. You should report this as which of the following? A) Circulatory overload B) Thrombophlebitis C) Air embolism D) Local infiltration
D (Local Infiltration)
A patient with an intravenous solution has edema at the IV site. What complication of IV therapy do you suspect? A) speed shock B) air embolism C) pyrogenic reaction D) local infiltration
date, time, initials
After reconstituting a powdered drug in a multiple dose vial, write the _______, _________, and _________ on the label.
Date, Time, initials
After reconstituting a powdered drug in a multiple dose vial, write the _________, ________ and your ______ on the label.
Blood vessel
Aspiration is a safety measure to ensure the needle is not inserted into a _________ ___________.
Parts of a syringe
Barrel and plunger
air
Before drawing up a measured amount of medication from a vial, inject an equal amount of _____ into the vial.
Air
Before drawing up a measured amount of medication from a vial, inject an equal amount of ______ into the vial.
Parts of a needle
Bevel, point, lumen, shaft, hilt, gauge number, and hub
Intracellular, interstitial
Hypertonic solutions cause fluids to be pulled out of the _____ and _____ compartments into the blood vessels, raising serum osmolarity.
intracellular, interstitial
Hypertonic solutions cause fluids to be pulled out of the _____ and _________ compartments into the blood vessels, raising serum osmolarity.
sciatic
Injections in the buttock area must be placed very carefully to avoid the gluteal arteries and the __________ nerve.
Sciatic
Injections in the buttock area must be placed very carefully to avoid the gluteal arteries and the _____________ nerve.
Skin
Intradermal is injected into the ________
Deep Muscle
Intramuscular is injected into the _________ _________ layer.
Phlebitis
Redness, warmth, and discomfort along the vein are symptoms of _________.
Blood
Remove the needle, discard, and repeat the procedure if you find _________ when aspirating.
Subcutaneous
Sites include: anterior thigh, upper outer arm, abdomen, upper back under shoulder blades
Intradermal
Sites include: inner lower arm, upper chest, upper back under shoulder blades
Intramuscular
Sites include: vastus lateralis, deltoid, dorsogluteal, ventrogluteal (full name, not abbreviated)
Intravenous
Sites include: veins of arms and legs
Adipose Tissue
Subcutaneous is injected into the _______ ______ under the skin.
intravenous
The five classifications of _______ solutions are: colloid, hydrating, hypertonic-hyperosmolar, and blood or blood components.
tip
The front part of a syringe is called a _____
shaft
The long part of the needle is the ______
barrel
The middle part of a syringe that the plunger fits into is called the ___________
snapped
The neck of an ampule muse be _______ before use.
Snapped
The neck of an ampule must be _________ before use.
plunger
The part that inserts into the barrel of a syringe that pushes the medication through is called the _______
hub
The plastic part that the needle is connected to and fits onto the syringe is the _______
needle cover
The plastic sheath that covers the needle is called a __________ __________
Tuberculin
The type of syringe used for an intradermal injection is the _____________ syringe.
Parenteral Route
These are reasons for _________ ________ Certain drugs are destroyed by digestive enzymes Patients may not be able to swallow Patient may be nauseous or vomiting Patient may be unconscious Patient may have and obstruction
Insulin
This type of syringe comes in: U25,U30,U50, or U100
True
True or False: (Lactated Ringer) solution is administered with burns and gastrointestinal losses. If false, what is the correct answer.
True
True or False: (Potassium chloride) is a medication that may be irritating to the vein when infused intravenously. If false, what is the correct answer.
True
True or False: Dispose of injection equipment into a (puncture-resistant) container. If false, what is the correct answer.
False, hypotonic
True or False: The most common (hypertonic) intravenous solution is 0.45% NaCl. If false, what is the correct answer.
True
True or False: (Circulatory overload) occurs when too much of an IV solution is administered. If false, what is the correct answer.
A (iron dextran - Imferon)
What drug must you administer by Z-track intramuscular injection? A) Iron dextran - Imferon B) Meperidine - Demerol C) Enoxaparin - Lovenox D) Cobalamin - vitamin B12
IM (Injection Sites)
What type of injection site is this? Dorsogluteal, ventrogluteal, deltoid and vastus lateralis; 90° angle
ID (Injection Sites)
What type of injection site is this? Lower arm, upper chest, back between shoulder blades; 5° to 15° angle
Subcut (Injection Sites)
What type of injection site is this? Outer upper arm, front of thigh, abdomen, upper back below shoulder blades; 45° angle
up
When you are holding the needle and syringe at the proper angle to the skin, the bevel should be facing ____.
Up
When you are holding the needle and syringe at the proper angle to the skin, the bevel should be facing ______.
Indications
__________ of intravenous therapy are: *Fluid volume maintainence and replacement therapy *Patient is not allowed to have oral fluids or for a short period of time duringa minor surgical procedure *When a patient has suffered a loss of blood, body water, electrolytes, and nutrients.
Intravenous Therapy
administration of fluids, electrolytes, medications, blood, or nutrients through a vein
Acromion Process
an extension of the shoulder blade that can be felt at the point where the upper arm meets the shoulder; a landmark for locating the deltoid injection site
Tracking
backing up of medication in the channel through which a needle enters tissue
Hub
broad part of an injection needle that attaches to the syringe
Necrosis
death of tissue in a living body
Syringe
device used to inject or withdraw fluids from the body; consists of a plunger, barrel, and hub
Gauge(G)
diameter (width) of the lumen of a needle; the smaller the gauge number, the wider the lumen; selection of gauge depends on the viscosity of the solution to be injected
Flange
flared part of a syringe barrel; used to steady the syringe while pulling or pushing the plunger
Induration
hardening of a tissue caused by inflammation or edema
Iliac Crest
highest point on the hip bone; one landmark used to locate the ventrogluteal injection site
Barrel
hollow cylinder with graduated markings on it that makes up the body of a syringe
Lumen
hollow part of a needle through which medication flows
Greater Trochanter
knob on the upper leg bone (femur) that can be felt where the leg joins the hip; one of the landmarks used for locating the dorsogluteal injection site
Gluteal Arteries
large arteries that supply the muscles of the buttock area
Sciatic Nerve
largest nerve in the body; pierces the buttocks and runs down the back of the thighs
Viscous
liquids that are thick and sticky
Aqueous
liquids that are thin and watery
Abscess
localization of pus in any part of the body
Z-Track
method of injection that minimizes tissue irritation by sealing the drug within muscle tissue
Plunger
plastic rod of a syringe that fits inside the barrel and pushes medication out under pressure
Standard Precautions
primary strategies for prevention of infection transmitted through blood, body fluid, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes
Needle Cover
protective cover on a disposable injection needle; never put it back on the needle after administration
Sloughing
shedding of dead tissue from a wound or sore
Precipitate
solid particles that separate out from a solution as a result of a chemical reaction
Shaft
the long portion of a needle that extends from the point to the hub and through which the medication passes
Reconstituting
the process of adding the recommended amount of fluid to dissolve; usually with a powdered drug
Aspirate
to draw by suction; the process of pulling back on a syringe plunger to check for entry into a blood vessel during an injection