Chapt 14 chem
How do fertilizers contribute to the formation of a dead zone?
1. Fertilizer stimulate the growth of micro organisms, which increases the biological demand for the oxygen (BOD) in the water 2. If the BOD is high enough, other organisms cannot survive, leading to a dead zone
How much water does the average American use in one day?
400 L
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria?
Anaerobic bacteria or chemical oxidizers and therefore require oxygen; anaerobic bacteria or chemical reducers and therefore do not require oxygen
Which of the following are formed by aerobic oxidation of organic material?
CO2, NO3-, PO4(3-)
Explain why it takes many times as much water to produce a single serving of steak as it takes to produce a single serving of rice
Cattle consume large quantities of water both directly and indirectly through consumption of vegetation
Processes that bond hydrogen formations
Condensing of steam; freezing of water
Which activity accounts for the largest percentage of water usage?
Coolant for electric power plants
Which federal agency regulates drinking water standards from municipal water supplies?
EPA
Which federal agency regulates bottled water?
FDA
Define heat of vaporization
Heat of vaporization is the energy required to vaporize a substance
Processes that break hydrogen bond formations
Melting of ice, boiling of water
How is it caused?
Methemoglobinemia is caused by ingestion of excessive nitrates
What is methemoglobinemia?
Methemoglobinemia is known as the blue baby syndrome
What are pathogenic microorganisms?
Microorganisms that cause disease
Name several major sources of nutrients that enter waterways
Organic matter from human and farm waste ; fertilizers from agriculture
Eutrophication is amplified by which of the following?
Plant nutrients from fertilizer runoff and waste water
Settling pond
Primary method of wastewater treatment
Which of the following processes is not a part of the water cycle?
Radioactive decay
What are the slake lime in alum's role in water purification?
Removing dirt and bacteria
Which type of waste water treatment involves forcing the waste water through a semi permeable membrane?
Reverse osmosis
Trickling filters
Secondary method of waste water treatment
BOD measures the levels of _____ in water
Sewage
Arrange the following an order of decreasing energy content
Steam; water at 80°C; water at room temperature; ice
Charcoal filtration
Tertiary method of wastewater treatment
Define specific heat capacity
The amount of heat required to raise 1g of a substance to 1 degrees Celsius.
Explain why it is exceptionally high for water
The heat of vaporization of water is high, as compared to other substances, due the hydrogen bonding
Why is the high specific heat of water important to earth?
The high specific heat of water helps moderate earths temperature fluctuations
How is charge distributed in a water molecule?
There is a positive partial charge on the H atoms in a negative partial charge on the O atom
Explain
Water could be disinfected by irradiation with UV light
Can water be disinfected without adding chemicals?
Yes
Which of the following processes is not used in a conventional method of water treatment?
percolation
