Chapt 14 chem

How do fertilizers contribute to the formation of a dead zone?

1. Fertilizer stimulate the growth of micro organisms, which increases the biological demand for the oxygen (BOD) in the water 2. If the BOD is high enough, other organisms cannot survive, leading to a dead zone

How much water does the average American use in one day?

400 L

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria?

Anaerobic bacteria or chemical oxidizers and therefore require oxygen; anaerobic bacteria or chemical reducers and therefore do not require oxygen

Which of the following are formed by aerobic oxidation of organic material?

CO2, NO3-, PO4(3-)

Explain why it takes many times as much water to produce a single serving of steak as it takes to produce a single serving of rice

Cattle consume large quantities of water both directly and indirectly through consumption of vegetation

Processes that bond hydrogen formations

Condensing of steam; freezing of water

Which activity accounts for the largest percentage of water usage?

Coolant for electric power plants

Which federal agency regulates drinking water standards from municipal water supplies?

EPA

Which federal agency regulates bottled water?

FDA

Define heat of vaporization

Heat of vaporization is the energy required to vaporize a substance

Processes that break hydrogen bond formations

Melting of ice, boiling of water

How is it caused?

Methemoglobinemia is caused by ingestion of excessive nitrates

What is methemoglobinemia?

Methemoglobinemia is known as the blue baby syndrome

What are pathogenic microorganisms?

Microorganisms that cause disease

Name several major sources of nutrients that enter waterways

Organic matter from human and farm waste ; fertilizers from agriculture

Eutrophication is amplified by which of the following?

Plant nutrients from fertilizer runoff and waste water

Settling pond

Primary method of wastewater treatment

Which of the following processes is not a part of the water cycle?

Radioactive decay

What are the slake lime in alum's role in water purification?

Removing dirt and bacteria

Which type of waste water treatment involves forcing the waste water through a semi permeable membrane?

Reverse osmosis

Trickling filters

Secondary method of waste water treatment

BOD measures the levels of _____ in water

Sewage

Arrange the following an order of decreasing energy content

Steam; water at 80°C; water at room temperature; ice

Charcoal filtration

Tertiary method of wastewater treatment

Define specific heat capacity

The amount of heat required to raise 1g of a substance to 1 degrees Celsius.

Explain why it is exceptionally high for water

The heat of vaporization of water is high, as compared to other substances, due the hydrogen bonding

Why is the high specific heat of water important to earth?

The high specific heat of water helps moderate earths temperature fluctuations

How is charge distributed in a water molecule?

There is a positive partial charge on the H atoms in a negative partial charge on the O atom

Explain

Water could be disinfected by irradiation with UV light

Can water be disinfected without adding chemicals?

Yes

Which of the following processes is not used in a conventional method of water treatment?

percolation