Chapter 1

What is the larger group from which a sample is drawn?

population

Inferential statistics is most often used for which of the following?

. interpreting data to make inferences from a smaller group of data to a possibly larger one. . are often the next step after you have collected and summarized data.

Provide three examples of how taking a statistics class may benefit you.

. looks good ona transcript . separates you from others . intellectual challenge . preprares you for understanding concepts in other sciences . you need it for graduate school

2.Which of the following individuals used statistical methods during the 17th century to study the intelligence of his family members?

Francis Galton

Who popularized the use of the correlation coefficient?

Francis Galton

What is a data set?

a set of data points . a collection of information or data

What is a sample?

a subset of a population . smaller portion (representative portion) or the larger group or population. . is the group from whom data is collected in hopes of generalizing results to the population

When should inferential statistics typcially be used?

after descriptive statistics

Statistics is used in the following fields:

agriculture, astronomy , psychology, education, anthropology and even politics and human behavior much later

When are descriptive measures most often used?

collection of data . to describe how often something occurs

What is a collection of information also called?

data set or data

The average age of everyone in the class is an example of what type of statistics?

descriptive statistics

What type of statistics are used to organize and describe the characteristics of a collection of data?

descriptive statistics

What is the small subset of the population from whom you collect data called?

sample

What term is defined as a set of tool and techniques used for describing, organizing, and interpreting data?

statistics

What term is used to describe the science of organizing and analyzing information to make the information more easily understood?

statistics

How are inferential statistics most often used?

used to make inferences from a smaller group of data ( our group of 22 students) to a possible larger one ( all the undergraduate students in the college of arts)

Define inferential statistics.

used to make inferences from a smaller group of data to a possible larger one . tools that are used to infer the results based on a sample to a population

Which of the following is a use of descriptive statistics?

used to organize and describe the characteristics of a collection of data. . organizing data, summarizing dataand collecting data

Define descriptive statistics.

used to organize and describe the characteristics of a collection of data. . values that describe the characteristics of a sample or population

If your professor tells you, "if you don't start with reliable data, you'll end up with unreliable results," what does he/she mean?

garbage in, garbage out

3.Which of the following would be used to describe the type of statistical methods used to organize and describe the characteristics of a collection of data?

Descriptive Statistics(the average age of everyone in this class)

What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?

descriptive statistics organizes and describes data, while inferential statistics used to infer meaning about a larger population from a sample of the population

In what century, was the simplest test for examining differences between two groups first advanced?

early 20th century

Statistics is a very general field in that it can be utilized in a wide variety of areas of study. True or False.

True

List five ways to succeed in this statistics class.

. remind yourself you are not dumb . keep an open mind about statistics . work through the chapters ( dont skip lessons) . form a study group . ask the teacher or friend questions . complete the excercises at the end of each chapter

When did the first collection of a set of data pertaining to populations occur?

17th century

A common goal in statistics is to:

generalize results from a sample to a population

What type of statistics employ the use of sample data that is used to infer information about the population?

inferential statistics

Name two common descriptive statistics.

mode ( descriptive statistic that summarizes the choice) the most frequently occurring score in a distribution. mean (ex to know the average age, identifies the variable) a type of average where scores are summed and divided by the number of observations. median, frequency

What will you need to complete most statistical analyses?

most statistical analyses no longer require access to a huge and expensive mainframe computer. Instead a simple personal computer can do it.