Chapter 1 and 2

A descriptive technique of monitoring and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to change or control the situation is called

Naturalistic observation

The cells that serve as the basic building blocks of the body's information system are called

Neurons

Our tendency to believe we know more than we do illustrates

Overconfidence

Endorphins are most directly involved in the control of

Physical pain

The specialist most likely to have a medical degree is

Psychiatrist

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving

Repeatedly stopped breathing during sleep

Which perspective is most concerned with how individuals interpret their experiences?

cognitive

After an experiment, research participants are told its purpose and about any deception they may have experienced. This is called

debriefing

Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream.

manifest

The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how

people encode, process, store, and retrieve information

Kevin needs to remember what he learned in today's classes. His memory of the material is most likely to be facilitated by

A full night of sleep

The part of a neuron that transmits neural messages to other neurons or to muscles or glands is called the

Axon

Beginning in the 1920s, American psychologists such as John B. Watson emphasized the study of

observable behavior

The pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle is called the

Circadian rhythm

Detecting the unstated assumptions and values that underlie conclusions best illustrates _______, which is an important learning tool

Critical thinking

Reasoning that does not blindly accept available arguments and conclusions best illustrates

Critical thinking

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that

Enables muscle action

The group or people who are exposed to the drug that is being tested in an experiment is called the

Experimental group

In which type of research would and investigator manipulate at least one factor and observe its effect on some behavior or mental process?

Experimentation

Which major force in psychology emphasized unconscious sexual conflicts

Freudian psychology

In a psychological experiment, the experimental factor that is manipulated by the investigator is called the

Independent variable

Which perspective would focus on the extent to which different parenting styles are encouraged among various ethnic groups?

Social-cultural

The division of the peripheral nervous system controlling the body's skeletal muscles is the

Somatic nervous system

The knee-jerk reflex requires the activity of the

Spinal cord

A descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a representative sample of a population is known as

Survey

Neurotransmitters are molecules that travel across the

Synaptic gap

The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is it's emphasis on

Unconscious conflicts

Correlation is a measure of the extent to which two factors

Vary together

Chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote

Weight gain

The brain and spinal cord form the

central nervous system

When you question the claim that hypnosis helps people to recall memories more accurately, you are most clearly demonstrating

critical thinking

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow promoted a historically significant approach known as

humanistic psychology

Correlation research is most useful for purposes of

prediction

Insomnia is a disorder involving

recurring difficulty in falling or staying asleep

The simplest neural pathways are those that govern our

reflexes