Chapter 1 and 2
A descriptive technique of monitoring and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to change or control the situation is called
Naturalistic observation
The cells that serve as the basic building blocks of the body's information system are called
Neurons
Our tendency to believe we know more than we do illustrates
Overconfidence
Endorphins are most directly involved in the control of
Physical pain
The specialist most likely to have a medical degree is
Psychiatrist
Sleep apnea is a disorder involving
Repeatedly stopped breathing during sleep
Which perspective is most concerned with how individuals interpret their experiences?
cognitive
After an experiment, research participants are told its purpose and about any deception they may have experienced. This is called
debriefing
Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream.
manifest
The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how
people encode, process, store, and retrieve information
Kevin needs to remember what he learned in today's classes. His memory of the material is most likely to be facilitated by
A full night of sleep
The part of a neuron that transmits neural messages to other neurons or to muscles or glands is called the
Axon
Beginning in the 1920s, American psychologists such as John B. Watson emphasized the study of
observable behavior
The pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle is called the
Circadian rhythm
Detecting the unstated assumptions and values that underlie conclusions best illustrates _______, which is an important learning tool
Critical thinking
Reasoning that does not blindly accept available arguments and conclusions best illustrates
Critical thinking
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that
Enables muscle action
The group or people who are exposed to the drug that is being tested in an experiment is called the
Experimental group
In which type of research would and investigator manipulate at least one factor and observe its effect on some behavior or mental process?
Experimentation
Which major force in psychology emphasized unconscious sexual conflicts
Freudian psychology
In a psychological experiment, the experimental factor that is manipulated by the investigator is called the
Independent variable
Which perspective would focus on the extent to which different parenting styles are encouraged among various ethnic groups?
Social-cultural
The division of the peripheral nervous system controlling the body's skeletal muscles is the
Somatic nervous system
The knee-jerk reflex requires the activity of the
Spinal cord
A descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a representative sample of a population is known as
Survey
Neurotransmitters are molecules that travel across the
Synaptic gap
The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is it's emphasis on
Unconscious conflicts
Correlation is a measure of the extent to which two factors
Vary together
Chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote
Weight gain
The brain and spinal cord form the
central nervous system
When you question the claim that hypnosis helps people to recall memories more accurately, you are most clearly demonstrating
critical thinking
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow promoted a historically significant approach known as
humanistic psychology
Correlation research is most useful for purposes of
prediction
Insomnia is a disorder involving
recurring difficulty in falling or staying asleep
The simplest neural pathways are those that govern our
reflexes