Chapter 1 Practice Test

Which of the following is rich in protein? A. Legumes B. Water C. Fruit D. Starchy vegetables E. Oils

A. Legumes

According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the majority of Americans are meeting recommendations for whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. A. false B. true

A. false

Based on the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range, what is the recommendation for protein intake? A. 55%-60% B. 10%-35% C. less than 5% D. 40%-50% E. greater than 65%

B. 10%-35%

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range recommends that carbohydrates contribute _____ of daily calories. A. 30%-40% B. 45%-65% C. 15%-25% D. less than 10% E. greater than 70%

B. 45%-65%

The composition of proteins is different from that of carbohydrates due to the presence of: A. oxygen. B. nitrogen. C. None of these are correct. D. carbon. E. hydrogen.

B. nitrogen.

Which of the following macronutrients is the preferred fuel for the brain and red blood cells? A. proteins B. proteins and lipids C. water D. lipids E. carbohydrates

E. carbohydrates

Which of the following nutrients do NOT supply energy? A. vitamins B. carbohydrates C. fats D. protein

A. vitamins

Which of the following chemicals provide health benefits and give plant foods their color, aroma, and flavor? A. vitamins B. phytochemicals C. proteins D. minerals

B. phytochemicals

What is the first step in the scientific process? A. Formulate hypotheses. B. Ask questions. C. Make observations. D. Design experiments.

C. Make observations

What is the correct sequence of steps in following the scientific method to conduct research? A. make observations, conduct experiment, propose hypothesis, develop a theory B. conduct experiment, develop a theory, make observations, propose hypothesis C. make observations, propose hypothesis, conduct experiment, develop a theory D. propose hypothesis, make observations, develop a theory, conduct experiment E. develop a theory, conduct experiment, make observations, propose hypothesis

C. make observations, propose hypothesis, conduct experiment, develop a theory

According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range, 20% to 35% of the total daily caloric intake should come from fat. If Marcus is on a 3500-kilocalorie diet, how many kilocalories should he obtain from dietary fat? A. 600-1115 kilocalories B. 500-1005 kilocalories C. 400-905 kilocalories D. 800-1355 kilocalories E. 700-1225 kilocalories

E. 700-1225 kilocalories

Which of the following diseases is NOT related to diet? A. cancer B. heart disease C. diabetes D. stroke E. pneumonia

E. pneumonia

Which Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) standard is least effective when planning for adequate intake of nutrients in your diet? A. Upper Limit (UL) B. Adequate Intake (AI) C. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) D. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

A. Upper Limit (UL)

What is the standard unit used to measure food energy? A. grams B. newtons C. kilocalories D. pounds E. kilograms

C. kilocalories

Which of the following is TRUE about the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey? A. Participants chosen to participate in the study must travel to the state capital to visit the Mobile Examination Center. B. In-home health interviews are used as part of the NHANES protocol. C. Dietary information is collected by conducting a 24-hour recall survey. D. Each year, a representative sample of 5000 Americans from across the United States is selected to participate in NHANES. E. Blood, urine, and DNA samples are routinely collected at the NHANES Mobile Examination Center.

A. Participants chosen to participate in the study must travel to the state capital to visit the Mobile Examination Center.

The carbohydrate family includes: A. Sugar, starch, and fiber B. Starch, fiber, and sterol C. Sugar, water, and starch D. Fiber, sugar, and sulfur

A. Sugar, starch, and fiber

The effect of food on a person's genes is known as: A. nutritional genomics. B. cell studies. C. epidemiology. D. the placebo effect. E. phytochemicals.

A. nutritional genomics.

Nutrients are classified into macronutrients and micronutrients. All of the following are macronutrients EXCEPT: A. sodium and iron. B. sodium. C. water. D. proteins. E. iron.

A. sodium and iron.

Iron deficiency is a form of malnutrition. A. true B. false

A. true

Which of the following is the only animal product with significant carbohydrate? A. egg B. butter C. milk D. chicken E. beef

C. milk

What is the consequence of nutrient intake outside the adequate and safe range? A. Function is impaired due to malnutrition when an individual's intake falls below the adequate and safe range, even if short term. B. Meeting or exceeding adequate and safe range of a nutrient is the best way to avoid malnutrition. C. Adverse effects can result in consuming less than, but not more than, the adequate and safe range. D. Consuming less than the adequate and safe range over time may lead to depletion of nutrient stores and malnutrition.

D. Consuming less than the adequate and safe range over time may lead to depletion of nutrient stores and malnutrition.

Which statement represents an appropriate use of the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)? A. Sarahi is on a low-carbohydrate diet, so she is consuming less than the AMDR for percent of calories from carbohydrate. B. Fatima wants to maintain adequate iron intake, so she plans her diet to meet the EAR for iron. C. Joe heard that vitamin C is important for the immune system, so he plans to consume supplement beverages that provide double the Upper Limit. D. Kiko wants to get pregnant, so she takes a supplement that, combined with her diet, meets the RDA for folic acid.

D. Kiko wants to get pregnant, so she takes a supplement that, combined with her diet, meets the RDA for folic acid.

Which of the following is TRUE of both essential and nonessential nutrients? A. Our health will improve when we consume them regularly. B. They must be obtained from food. C. The body is unable to synthesize enough of them to meet its needs. D. They are required for maintaining body functions.

D. They are required for maintaining body functions.

Which of the following types of studies is NOT an experiment? A. animal study B. randomized controlled trial C. cell culture study D. epidemiological study

D. epidemiological study

A nutrient that cannot be made by the body in sufficient quantities and that must be obtained from food is a/an: A. inorganic nutrient. B. organic nutrient. C. functional nutrient. D. essential nutrient. E. phytochemical.

D. essential nutrient.

Organic compounds that are required in small quantities belong to which class of nutrients? A. proteins B. fats C. trace minerals D. vitamins

D. vitamins

An animal study is being conducted to determine the effect of vitamin C on the development of common cold. The researcher gives one group of rats the vitamin C pills, and the other group of rats gets the "dummy" pill (placebo). The rats that received the placebo would be called the: A. control group. B. intervention group. C. double-blind group. D. dummy group. E. experimental group.

A. control group.

The study of nutrition does NOT typically involve which one of the following activities? A. determining if food additives used in commercial food packaging enter foods B. determining how food pricing affects food purchases C. determining how a nutrient is broken down and excreted from the body D. determining how diet affects the risk of disease

A. determining if food additives used in commercial food packaging enter foods

Phytochemicals are found in all protein-rich foods, including chicken, eggs, and fish. A. false B. true

A. false

It is likely that intake of a nutrient is both adequate and safe if: A. intake for the nutrient falls between the RDA and UL. B. intake is above the UL. C. intake is below the EAR and above the UL. D. intake is above the EAR and under the RDA. E. intake is above the RDA.

A. intake for the nutrient falls between the RDA and UL.

The adequate and safe intake range of nutrients: A. varies from one nutrient to the next; some ranges are wide; others are narrow. B. provides general guidance on nutrient intake; it is not specific to individuals. C. guides nutrient intake from food, but not from supplements. D. is the range of nutrient intake associated with a less than 50% chance risk of adverse events.

A. varies from one nutrient to the next; some ranges are wide; others are narrow.

Consider the 10 leading causes of death in the United States. Which of the following lists includes diet-related causes within the 10 leading causes? A. liver disease, pneumonia, influenza, diabetes B. liver disease, cancer, influenza, stroke C. heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes D. heart disease, pneumonia, stroke, cancer E. tuberculosis, diabetes, stroke, cancer

C. heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes

Which of the following is likely to be the LEAST credible source for nutrition information? A. information found on the website of the American Heart Association B. an article published in a magazine that is written by a registered dietitian C. information found on a website selling dietary supplements D. information found on the website of the Food and Drug Administration

C. information found on a website selling dietary supplements

What Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) value is used in setting the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)? A. Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) B. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) C. Adequate Intake (AI) D. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

D. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Fat-soluble vitamins include: A. vitamins B, D, E, and C. B. vitamins B, D, and E. C. vitamins C, A, and D. D. vitamins A, D, E, and K. E. vitamins C, B, and E.

D. vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Consider an epidemiological study that investigates the relationship between fish intake and cancer risk. Which of the following statements is TRUE about this study design? A. There is no intervention involved in this type of study. B. The findings of this study may suggest a relationship between fish intake and cancer risk. C. The results of the study can be used to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between fish intake and cancer risk. D. Subjects in the study will be randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group. E. The findings of this study may suggest a relationship between fish intake and cancer risk and there is no intervention involved in this type of study.

E. The findings of this study may suggest a relationship between fish intake and cancer risk and there is no intervention involved in this type of study.

David is a football player consuming a high-calorie diet. His daily caloric intake is set at 4,500 kilocalories with the following macronutrient distribution: 45% carbohydrate, 18% fat, and the rest from protein. How many grams of protein is David's diet providing? (Round your answer to the nearest whole number.) A. 416 grams B. 103 grams C. 203 grams D. 506 grams E. 316 grams

A. 416 grams

According to findings of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): A. All of these are correct. B. snacks provide about one-quarter of daily calories. C. at least 85% of Americans do not consume enough red, orange, or deep-green vegetables or legumes. D. 75% of Americans do not consume enough fruit to meet current recommendations. E. about 85% of adults and children exceed limits for empty calorie foods.

A. All of these are correct.

Why should the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) be used with caution? A. The EER represents average energy needs, so it meets or exceeds the needs of half of the individuals in a group. B. The EER is set to meet the needs of 98% of individuals in a group, so it overestimates the energy needs of most individuals. C. The EER does not take into account physical activity levels, so it may underestimate the energy needs of active individuals. D. Which person is potentially at risk for malnutrition?

A. The EER represents average energy needs, so it meets or exceeds the needs of half of the individuals in a group.

A peer-reviewed paper is one that: A. is critiqued by independent experts in the discipline to determine that the study followed the scientific method. B. is reviewed by the editorial staff of the publisher. C. has been distributed to the author's colleagues for comments prior to submitting it to a journal. D. reviews and summarizes the current knowledge on a specific scientific topic.

A. is critiqued by independent experts in the discipline to determine that the study followed the scientific method.

Which of the following statements regarding RDAs is true? A. The RDA for each nutrient is essentially equal to our requirement for that nutrient. B. As a person's intake of a nutrient decreases relative to the RDA, his or her risk of a deficiency increases. C. It is important to consume the RDA for each nutrient every day. D. If someone typically consumes less than the RDA for a nutrient, that person will develop a deficiency.

B. As a person's intake of a nutrient decreases relative to the RDA, his or her risk of a deficiency increases.

Which of the following is NOT true about nutrition and disease risk? A. What we eat strongly affects our risk of disease and an early death. B. Consuming inadequate amounts of fruits and vegetables and other plant foods will not affect disease risk. C. Consuming too much red meat and processed meats, refined grains, and added sugar in excess of calorie needs increases disease risk. D. Diets emphasizing fruits and colorful vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy, fish, and poultry decrease the risk of disease.

B. Consuming inadequate amounts of fruits and vegetables and other plant foods will not affect disease risk.

A program of studies to systematically assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States is the: A. Mobile Examination Center Survey. B. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). C. Continuing Survey of Food Intakes of Americans. D. Nutrition Surveillance System. E. Health Interview Survey.

B. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

After her vitamin A intake has been determined, Nora observed that it was adequate and safe, meaning her intake was greater than the _____ but did not exceed the _____. A. Dietary Reference Intake; Adequate Intake B. Recommended Daily Allowance; Upper Limit C. Estimated Average Requirement; Upper Limit D. Estimated Average Requirement; Toxicity Level

B. Recommended Daily Allowance; Upper Limit

Linda takes calcium and vitamin D supplements but is worried about increasing her risk for kidney stones. Which of the following standards will provide Linda with the information necessary to determine the maximum amount of nutrients that would be safe for her to consume without the risk of side effects? A. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range B. Tolerable Upper Intake Level C. Estimated Average Requirement D. Recommended Dietary Allowance E. Adequate Intake

B. Tolerable Upper Intake Level

Compared with the Estimated Average Requirement, the Recommended Dietary Allowances for nutrients are set at _____ level. A. the same B. a much higher C. a slightly lower D. a slightly higher

B. a much higher

Minerals are nonessential nutrients and provide 4 kilocalories per gram. A. true B. false

B. false

Susan wants to enhance her immunity during the flu season. Which of the following would be the LEAST credible source of information? A. a recent peer-reviewed article on zinc from the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition B. guidelines on flu prevention on the website yourhealth.com C. advice from a registered dietitian D. flu-prevention strategies provided by your doctor CDC guidelines on their website

B. guidelines on flu prevention on the website yourhealth.com

Which of the following is not a water-soluble vitamin? A. folate B. lycopene C. niacin D. riboflavin

B. lycopene

Minerals are classified into "major" and "trace" minerals. Which of the following lists includes only contains major minerals? A. magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, chloride B. potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium C. calcium, iron, zinc, phosphorus D. iron, selenium, sodium, magnesium E. copper, chromium, fluoride, iodine

B. potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium

A study is conducted to see if a daily exercise intervention affects blood pressure among people with pre-hypertension. One hundred participants are recruited to participate, and half are randomly assigned to participate in the intervention while the others serve as a control group. What study design is being used? A. epidemiological study B. randomized controlled trial C. None of these D. placebo study E. animal experiment

B. randomized controlled trial

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) recommends that 45% to 65% of total caloric intake come from carbohydrates. If Shawn consumes a 3000-kilocalorie diet, how many kilocalories should he obtain from carbohydrates? A. 1400-2000 kilocalories B. 600-1050 kilocalories C. 1350-1950 kilocalories D. 900-1500 kilocalories

C. 1350-1950 kilocalories

Which person is potentially at risk for malnutrition? A. Trystan, whose intake of vitamin C is close to but not above the Upper Limit B. Molly, whose intake of vitamin C is within the adequate and safe range C. Salma, whose intake of vitamin C is approximately the Estimated Average Requirement D. Gaige, whose intake of vitamin C exceeds the Recommended Daily Allowance

C. Salma, whose intake of vitamin C is approximately the Estimated Average Requirement

Which of the following statements is NOT true about a randomized controlled trial? A. Subjects are randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. B. The subjects do not know which treatment they are receiving. C. The main purpose of this research design is to observe variables in a population. D. The experimental group receives a treatment, while the control group receives a placebo.

C. The main purpose of this research design is to observe variables in a population.

Marnie is pregnant and taking vitamin A supplements to boost her immune system and prevent night blindness. However, she is concerned that she may be increasing the risk of serious birth defects in her unborn child. Which DRI would inform Marnie about the maximum amount of vitamin A she could consume without risk of side effects? A. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) B. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) C. Upper Limit (UL) D. Adequate Intake (AI)

C. Upper Limit (UL)

An experimental protocol requires that a nutrient deficiency be induced to assess its effects on memory. What is the most appropriate study design to use to address this question? A. epidemiological study B. randomized controlled trial C. animal experiment D. cell culture study

C. animal experiment

Specific RDAs do NOT exist for which of the following population groups? A. pregnant women B. various age categories C. athletes D. males and females

C. athletes

Dietary excesses play a major role in promoting which type of diseases? A. acute diseases B. infectious diseases C. chronic diseases D. deficiency diseases

C. chronic diseases

Micronutrients are those that are required in small quantities. Which of the following is NOT a micronutrient? A. vitamin K B. zinc C. fiber D. iodine E. vitamin D

C. fiber

What is the primary form of fat in our bodies? A. phospholipids B. lipoproteins C. triglycerides D. omega-3 fatty acids E. cholesterol

C. triglycerides

John and his wife are celebrating their first wedding anniversary. Their dinner consists of 55 grams of carbohydrates, 36 grams of protein, 27 grams of fat, and 18 grams of alcohol. What is the total caloric value of their meal? A. 877 kilocalories B. 1,008 kilocalories C. 634 kilocalories D. 733 kilocalories E. 778 kilocalories

D. 733 kilocalories

Sarah is making a pound cake for a bake sale. Of the 2,400 total kilocalories for the entire cake, 30% come from fat. How many grams of fat are there in the cake? A. 100 grams B. 30 grams C. 240 grams D. 80 grams E. 60 grams

D. 80 grams

What DRI value is expressed as a percent of total daily calories? A. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) B. Adequate Intake (AI) C. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) D. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

D. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

The standard that provides recommendations for healthy ranges of energy-yielding macronutrients is termed the: A. Adequate Intake. B. Tolerable Upper Intake Level. C. Recommended Dietary Allowance. D. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range. E. Estimated Average Requirement.

D. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

What is the relationship between Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)? A. The RDA is used to plan the diets of the individual, whereas the EAR is used to plan the diets of the population. B. The EAR is established when insufficient data exist to establish an RDA. C. The EAR is more appropriate for diet planning and evaluating because the RDA overestimates the needs of most healthy individuals. D. The RDA is higher than the EAR because it accounts for a safety factor to meet the needs of most healthy individuals in a population.

D. The RDA is higher than the EAR because it accounts for a safety factor to meet the needs of most healthy individuals in a population.

All of the following statements about carbohydrates are true EXCEPT: A. they are categorized into simple and complex carbohydrates. B. they help regulate bowel function. C. they are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. D. they provide more calories than protein. they are a major source of energy in the body

D. they provide more calories than protein.

When is an Adequate Intake (AI) established? A. when ample evidence exists to determine the needs of most healthy individuals B. when a nutrient is found to be healthful but not essential for human nutrition C. when a nutrient, such as sodium, is often overconsumed D. when insufficient data exist to determine an RDA for a nutrient

D. when insufficient data exist to determine an RDA for a nutrient

The standard that represents the average nutrient intake estimated to meet the daily requirements of 50% of healthy individuals is called the: A. Recommended Dietary Allowance. B. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range. C. Estimated Energy Requirement. D. Adequate Intake. E. Estimated Average Requirement.

E. Estimated Average Requirement.

The risk of adverse effects associated with intake of a nutrient: A. increases within the AI range. B. decreases at levels below the RDA. C. increases at levels above the RDA. D. decreases at levels above the UL. E. increases at levels below the RDA and above the UL.

E. increases at levels below the RDA and above the UL.

Which of the following is NOT considered an essential nutrient? A. carbohydrates B. proteins C. water D. fats E. phytochemicals

E. phytochemicals