Chapter 1: Sociology in a changing world

what early social thinker coined the term sociology

auguste comte

marx viewed the relationship between factory owners and workers as one in which...

capitalists exploited workers

jane addams cared for immigrants entering the United states, specifically those migrating to

cities

theories that describe social behavior in terms of tension between groups over power or the allocation of resources are called ________________ theories

conflict

the dimension of social theories called _________ and _________ considers how a theory considers the tensions and disputes in society as well as the factors that contribute to social stability

consensus and conflict

a collection of values, beliefs, norms, language, and material objects shared by a people and socially transmitted from generation to generation constitutes

culture

A politician accepting a bribe that undermines his or her ability to fairly or effectively govern is an example of social _______________

dysfunction

which of the following sociologists is credited for establishing sociology as an academic discipline?

emile durkheim

sociology first emerged as a formal discipline in the united states

false

expanding our understanding of social behavior beyond the male perspective, ___________ sociologists have challenged male assumptions about the social world.

feminist

the sociological theories that focuses on how parts of society help to maintain social stability are known as

functionalist theories

the feminist perspective in sociology focuses on the study of ____________ inequality

gender

which sociologist is widely considered to be the founder of the Interactionist perspective?

george herbert mead

spencer argued that social changes should be allowed to happen on its own without interference from

government

economists

how crime affects society financially

anthropologists

how crime is defined in different societies

sociology

how crime is interrelated between individuals and society at large

psychologists

how personality traits are related to crime

political science

how politicians make use of the issue of crime

the major development that transformed rural agricultural societies into urban industrial societies are referred to as the ________ revolution

industrial

Marx's view of society describes social institutions as a means of

maintaining the privileges of some groups

all of the following are categories of suicide that durkheim identified execpt

mechanistic

the emergance of sociology as a formal disipline occurred during the historical era known as ___________, which saw a growing emphesis on reason and science.

modernity

the focus on human society distinguishes social sciences from the __________sciences, which focus on the physical aspects of nature

natural

the approach that sociologist use to look at the world is called the sociological ____________

perspective

the ability to bring about an intended outcome, even when opposed by others, is a definition of ______________

power

which of the following would best describe a manifest function of education?

providing knowledge to students

Durkheim was interested in the question of

social solidarity

another term used by sociologists for "sociological perspective" is

sociological imagination

social ___________ refers to the recurring patterns of behavior in social life

structure

which of the following tries to explain an observation, data, or evidence?

theory

weber suggested that to be able to see the world as other see it, sociologists needed a type of understanding he called

verstehen

Durkhelm believed that understanding human behavior required looking at the behavior

within a broader social context

cultural symbols can be either___________ or nonverbal body language.

words

an interaction sociologist would be likely to study which of the following?

-behavior in small groups -how workers communicate on the job

in the pastmodern world the process of urbanization

-continues primarily in the developing world -has resulted in the formation of mega-cities

we can observe culture operating in

-conversations with coworkers -nightly news -religious ceremonies -school dress code

which of the following did enlightenment thinkers believe would promote the open debate of ideas?

-democracy -tolerance -individual rights

which of the following were features of the rapidly growing cities during the industrial revolution?

-excessive inequality -crime -overcrowded and unsafe housing

which of the following are features of a theory

-it can be revised or rejected -it is linked to research and evidence

which of the following statements represent the promise of sociology

-it helps us understand our place in society -it helps suggest ways to improve social problems -it promotes understanding of our social world

which of the following statements about sociology are correct?

-it is a systematic study -it focuses on describing the relationship between individuals and society

which of the following upheavals occurred in Europe in the 1800s

-political unrest called for social change -scientific research was making new discoveries about the world -new technology was transforming everyday life

sociologist interested in gaining insights into the world's hierarchy of privilege may focus their research on which of the following areas of inquiry?

-social class -gender -race

the american and french revolutions resulted in which of the following?

-stimulated interest in achieving a more equal society -raised some of the first topics addressed by early sociologists

which of the following was required for the social sciences to take root?

-systematic collection of evidence -open and free inquiry

persons believed that any social organization must perform certain functions to survive. these functions include...

-teaching members core values -integrating members into productive areas of social life -adapting to changes in the environment

since the mid-twentieth century, sociologists tend to examine society by which of the following?

-the conflict perspective -the structural-functionalist perspective -the symbolic interactionist perspective

same of the early sociologists suggested that societies progressed or evolved through several stages. which of the following stages were suggested by auguste comte?

-the positivist stage -the metaphysical stage -the theological stage

who is widely considered to be the first female sociologist?

Harriet Martineau

the first sociological study of a black community was published by

W. B. Du Bois

from a sociological point of view, the focus on a global system of production and consumption would compel sociologists to examine a social problem from which of the following perspectives?

a macro level of analysis

common sense beliefs are not always reliable because such beliefs lack which of the following?

a systematic analysis of the facts