Chapter 10
protocol
a standard that outlines characteristics of how two devices communicate on a network
dedicated line
a type of always-on physical connection that is established between two communications devices
Share data and info
any authorized user can access data and info stored on a network.
T-carrier line
any of several types of long-distance digital phone lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line.
digital communications
describes a process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and info
broadband router
device that performs the functions of a router and also a broadband modem
broadband wireless router
device that performs the functions of a router and also a broadband point, and a cable or DSL modem.
wireless router
device that performs the functions of a router and also a wireless access point
mobile broadband wireless router
device that performs the functions of a router, a wireless access point, and a wireless modem. also uses to create a mobile hot spot.
broadband modem
digital modem, communications device that sends and receives data and info to and from a digital line.
DSL
digital subscriber line, transmits on existing standard copper phone wiring.
packets
divided messages into small pieces
share hardware
each computer on a network can be provided access to hardware on the network **accessing a printer
node
each computer or device on the network
EDI
electric data interchange, defines how business documents transmit across transmission media **businesses use EDI to send bids and proposals, send invoices
noise
electrical disturbance that can degrade communications
FTTB
fiber to the building, refers to small businesses that use fiber-optic cables to access the internet
FTTH
fiber to the home, provides home users with Internet access via fiber-optic cable
FTTP
fiber to the premises, uses fiber-optic cable to provide extremely high-speed internet access to user's physical permanent location
p2p file sharing
file sharing network, describes an internet network on which users access each other's hard drives and exchange files directly over the internet via a file sharing program
two types of WiMAX specifications
fixed wireless and mobile wireless
GBPS
gigabits per second, one billion bits per second
metropolitan area network (MAN)
high-speed network that connects local area networks in a metropolitan area, such as a city or town, and handles the bulk of communications activity across that region.
server
host computer, controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on the network and provides a centralized storage area for the programs, data, and info.
wi-fi
identifies any network based on the 802.11 standards.
IrDA
infrared data association, standard to transmit data wirelessly to each other via infrared light waves.
sending device
initiates an instruction to transmit data, instructions and info
Client/Server network
one or more computers act as a server, and the other computers on the network request services from the server. Can connect 10 or more computers
each strand on a fiber-optic cable
optical fiber
hub
or a switch, device that provides a central point for cables in a network
clients
other computers and mobile devices on the network that rely on the server for its resources
ADSL
asymmetric digital subscriber line, type of DSL that supports faster transfer rates when receiving data
ATM
asynchronous transfer mode, service that carries voice, data, video and media at very high speeds.
fiber-optic cable
consists of dozens or hundreds of thin strands of glass or plastic that use light to transmit signals.
transmission media
consists of materials or substances capable of carrying one or more communications signals
Communications software
consists of programs and apps that help users establish a connection to another computer, mobile device or network, manage the transmission of data, instructions and info, provide an interface for users to communicate with one another.
network standard
defines guidelines that specify the way computers access the medium to which they are connected , the type of medium used, the speeds used on different types of networks, and they type of physical cable or wireless used.
each computer on a peer-to-peer
peer, has equal responsibilities and capabilities, sharing hardware, data, or info with others. Each computer stores files on its own storage devices
Robert metcalfe
technology innovator, Ethernet inventor
bandwidth
the amount of data, instructions, and info that can travel over transmission media
UWB
ultra-wideband, network standard that specifies how two UWB devices use short-range radio waves to communicate at high speeds with each other.
wireless modem
uses a mobile phone provider's network to connect to the Internet wirelessly from a computer or mobile device
body area network (BAN)
uses low-powered sensors to collect data.
facilitate communications
using a network, people communicate efficiently and easily via email, instant messaging, chat rooms, etc. Some communications occur within an internal network and some are global over the internet
Token Ring
Standard that specifies that computers and devices on the network share or pass a special signal, called a token, in an unidirectional manner and in a preset order.
The Internet is the worlds largest ____
WAN
wireless ethernet
Wi-Fi, because it uses techniques similar to the Ethernet standard to specify how physically to configure a wireless network.
wireless LAN (WLAN)
a LAN that uses no physical wires
Ring network
a cable forms a closes loop with all computers arranged along the ring. Data transmitted on a ring network travels from device to device around the entire ring, in one direction. if one computer fails, all the rest do too.
receiving device
accepts the transmission of data, instructions, or info
star network
all the computers and devices (nodes) on the network connect to a central device, thus forming a star. Fairly easy to install and maintain.
extranet
allows customers or suppliers to access part of its intranet.
Electronic funds transfer (EFT)
allows users connected to a network to exchange money from one account to another via transmission media.
packet switching
breaking a message into individual packets, sending the packets along the best route available, and then reassembling the data
cable modem
broadband modem that sends and receives digital data over the CATV network
DSL modem
broadband modem that sends digital data and info from a computer to a DSL line and receives digital data and info from a DSL line
ISDN modem
broadband modem that sends digital data and info from a computer to an ISDN line and receives digital data and info from an ISDN line.
T1 line
businesses often use T1 lines to connect to the internet.
three types of broadband modems
cable modems, DSL modems, and ISDN modems
cable internet service
cable television network provides high-speed Internet connections
wireless access point
central communications device that allows computers and devices to transfer data wirelessly among themselves or transfer data wirelessly to a wired network using wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi.
Network architecture is categorized as either??
client/server or peer-to-peer
coaxial cable
coax, consists of a single copper wire surrounded by at least three layers 1) an insulater 2) a woven or braided metal 3) a plastic outer coating
network
collection of computers and devices connected together via communication devices and transmission media
transmission media
communications channel, the data, instructions, or info travel
router
communications device that connects multiple computers or other routers together and transmits data to its correct destination on a network.
dial-up modem
communications device that converts digital signals to analog signals and analog signals to digital signals, so that data can travel along an analog phone line
network architecture
configuration of computers, devices, and media in a network
communications device
connects the sending device to a communications channel
twisted pair cable
consist of one or more twisted-pair wires bundled together. consists of two separate insulated copper wires that are twisted together.
Bus network
consists of a central cable, to which all computers and other devices connect. the bus is the physical cable that connects to computers. inexpensive and easy to install.
intranet
internal network that uses Internet technologies.
value-added network (VAN)
is a third-party business that provides networking services such as EDI services, secure data and info transfer, storage or email.
T3 line
is equal in speed to 28 T1 lines, quite expensive
network license
legal agreement that allows multiple users to access the software on a server simultaneously
Networks are classified as what? LAN, MAN, WAN, and PAN
local area network, metropolitan area network, wide area network, and personal area network
MBPS
megabits per second, one million bits per second
packet sniffer software
monitors and logs packet traffic for later analysis. can detect problems.
NFC
near field communications, protocol based on RFID that defines how a network uses close-range radio signals to communicate between two devices or object equipped with NFC technology.
network card
network interface card, communications device that enables a computer or device that does not have built-in networking capability to access a network.
Bluetooth
network protocol that defines how two Bluetooth devices use short-range radio waves to transmit data.
WiMAX
network standard developed by IEEE that specifies how wireless devices communicate over the air in a wide area.
Ethernet
network standard that specifies no central computer or device on the network should control when data can be transmitted based on a bus topology
local area network (LAN)
network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as a home, school, office building.
personal area network (Pan)
network that connects computers and devices in an individual's workspace using wired and wireless technology.
Wide area network (WAN)
network that covers a large geographic area using a variety of wired and wireless transmission media.
RFID
radio frequency identification, protocol that defines how a network uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object, animal, or a person. the tag, called a transponder, consists of an antenna and a memory chip that contains the info to be transmitted via radio waves.
network topology
refers to the layout of the computers and devices in a communications network
multiplexing
same phone line that could carry only one computer signal can now carry three or more signals at once through the same line
802.11
series of network standards that specifies how two wireless devices communicate over the air with each other.
ISDN
set of standards for digital transmission of data over standard copper phone lines. same phone line that could carry only one computer signal now can carry three or more.
fractional t1
share a connection to the T1 line with other users. slower. but less expensive.
peer-to-peer network
simple, inexpensive network that typically connects fewer than 10 computers
mobile hot spot
some smartphones also can function as a wireless modem when tethered to a personal computer.
token
special series of bits that functions like a ticket based on ring topology
three basic network topologies are
star, bus, and ring
line-of-sight transmission
the sending device and the receiving device must be in line with each other so that nothing obstructs the path of the infrared light wave.
latency
the time it takes a signal to travel from one location to another on a network
TCP/IP
transmission control protocol/internet protocol network protocol that defines how messages are routed from one end of a network to the other, ensuring the data arrives correctly.
broadband
transmits multiple signals simultaneously