Chapter 10

protocol

a standard that outlines characteristics of how two devices communicate on a network

dedicated line

a type of always-on physical connection that is established between two communications devices

Share data and info

any authorized user can access data and info stored on a network.

T-carrier line

any of several types of long-distance digital phone lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line.

digital communications

describes a process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and info

broadband router

device that performs the functions of a router and also a broadband modem

broadband wireless router

device that performs the functions of a router and also a broadband point, and a cable or DSL modem.

wireless router

device that performs the functions of a router and also a wireless access point

mobile broadband wireless router

device that performs the functions of a router, a wireless access point, and a wireless modem. also uses to create a mobile hot spot.

broadband modem

digital modem, communications device that sends and receives data and info to and from a digital line.

DSL

digital subscriber line, transmits on existing standard copper phone wiring.

packets

divided messages into small pieces

share hardware

each computer on a network can be provided access to hardware on the network **accessing a printer

node

each computer or device on the network

EDI

electric data interchange, defines how business documents transmit across transmission media **businesses use EDI to send bids and proposals, send invoices

noise

electrical disturbance that can degrade communications

FTTB

fiber to the building, refers to small businesses that use fiber-optic cables to access the internet

FTTH

fiber to the home, provides home users with Internet access via fiber-optic cable

FTTP

fiber to the premises, uses fiber-optic cable to provide extremely high-speed internet access to user's physical permanent location

p2p file sharing

file sharing network, describes an internet network on which users access each other's hard drives and exchange files directly over the internet via a file sharing program

two types of WiMAX specifications

fixed wireless and mobile wireless

GBPS

gigabits per second, one billion bits per second

metropolitan area network (MAN)

high-speed network that connects local area networks in a metropolitan area, such as a city or town, and handles the bulk of communications activity across that region.

server

host computer, controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on the network and provides a centralized storage area for the programs, data, and info.

wi-fi

identifies any network based on the 802.11 standards.

IrDA

infrared data association, standard to transmit data wirelessly to each other via infrared light waves.

sending device

initiates an instruction to transmit data, instructions and info

Client/Server network

one or more computers act as a server, and the other computers on the network request services from the server. Can connect 10 or more computers

each strand on a fiber-optic cable

optical fiber

hub

or a switch, device that provides a central point for cables in a network

clients

other computers and mobile devices on the network that rely on the server for its resources

ADSL

asymmetric digital subscriber line, type of DSL that supports faster transfer rates when receiving data

ATM

asynchronous transfer mode, service that carries voice, data, video and media at very high speeds.

fiber-optic cable

consists of dozens or hundreds of thin strands of glass or plastic that use light to transmit signals.

transmission media

consists of materials or substances capable of carrying one or more communications signals

Communications software

consists of programs and apps that help users establish a connection to another computer, mobile device or network, manage the transmission of data, instructions and info, provide an interface for users to communicate with one another.

network standard

defines guidelines that specify the way computers access the medium to which they are connected , the type of medium used, the speeds used on different types of networks, and they type of physical cable or wireless used.

each computer on a peer-to-peer

peer, has equal responsibilities and capabilities, sharing hardware, data, or info with others. Each computer stores files on its own storage devices

Robert metcalfe

technology innovator, Ethernet inventor

bandwidth

the amount of data, instructions, and info that can travel over transmission media

UWB

ultra-wideband, network standard that specifies how two UWB devices use short-range radio waves to communicate at high speeds with each other.

wireless modem

uses a mobile phone provider's network to connect to the Internet wirelessly from a computer or mobile device

body area network (BAN)

uses low-powered sensors to collect data.

facilitate communications

using a network, people communicate efficiently and easily via email, instant messaging, chat rooms, etc. Some communications occur within an internal network and some are global over the internet

Token Ring

Standard that specifies that computers and devices on the network share or pass a special signal, called a token, in an unidirectional manner and in a preset order.

The Internet is the worlds largest ____

WAN

wireless ethernet

Wi-Fi, because it uses techniques similar to the Ethernet standard to specify how physically to configure a wireless network.

wireless LAN (WLAN)

a LAN that uses no physical wires

Ring network

a cable forms a closes loop with all computers arranged along the ring. Data transmitted on a ring network travels from device to device around the entire ring, in one direction. if one computer fails, all the rest do too.

receiving device

accepts the transmission of data, instructions, or info

star network

all the computers and devices (nodes) on the network connect to a central device, thus forming a star. Fairly easy to install and maintain.

extranet

allows customers or suppliers to access part of its intranet.

Electronic funds transfer (EFT)

allows users connected to a network to exchange money from one account to another via transmission media.

packet switching

breaking a message into individual packets, sending the packets along the best route available, and then reassembling the data

cable modem

broadband modem that sends and receives digital data over the CATV network

DSL modem

broadband modem that sends digital data and info from a computer to a DSL line and receives digital data and info from a DSL line

ISDN modem

broadband modem that sends digital data and info from a computer to an ISDN line and receives digital data and info from an ISDN line.

T1 line

businesses often use T1 lines to connect to the internet.

three types of broadband modems

cable modems, DSL modems, and ISDN modems

cable internet service

cable television network provides high-speed Internet connections

wireless access point

central communications device that allows computers and devices to transfer data wirelessly among themselves or transfer data wirelessly to a wired network using wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi.

Network architecture is categorized as either??

client/server or peer-to-peer

coaxial cable

coax, consists of a single copper wire surrounded by at least three layers 1) an insulater 2) a woven or braided metal 3) a plastic outer coating

network

collection of computers and devices connected together via communication devices and transmission media

transmission media

communications channel, the data, instructions, or info travel

router

communications device that connects multiple computers or other routers together and transmits data to its correct destination on a network.

dial-up modem

communications device that converts digital signals to analog signals and analog signals to digital signals, so that data can travel along an analog phone line

network architecture

configuration of computers, devices, and media in a network

communications device

connects the sending device to a communications channel

twisted pair cable

consist of one or more twisted-pair wires bundled together. consists of two separate insulated copper wires that are twisted together.

Bus network

consists of a central cable, to which all computers and other devices connect. the bus is the physical cable that connects to computers. inexpensive and easy to install.

intranet

internal network that uses Internet technologies.

value-added network (VAN)

is a third-party business that provides networking services such as EDI services, secure data and info transfer, storage or email.

T3 line

is equal in speed to 28 T1 lines, quite expensive

network license

legal agreement that allows multiple users to access the software on a server simultaneously

Networks are classified as what? LAN, MAN, WAN, and PAN

local area network, metropolitan area network, wide area network, and personal area network

MBPS

megabits per second, one million bits per second

packet sniffer software

monitors and logs packet traffic for later analysis. can detect problems.

NFC

near field communications, protocol based on RFID that defines how a network uses close-range radio signals to communicate between two devices or object equipped with NFC technology.

network card

network interface card, communications device that enables a computer or device that does not have built-in networking capability to access a network.

Bluetooth

network protocol that defines how two Bluetooth devices use short-range radio waves to transmit data.

WiMAX

network standard developed by IEEE that specifies how wireless devices communicate over the air in a wide area.

Ethernet

network standard that specifies no central computer or device on the network should control when data can be transmitted based on a bus topology

local area network (LAN)

network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as a home, school, office building.

personal area network (Pan)

network that connects computers and devices in an individual's workspace using wired and wireless technology.

Wide area network (WAN)

network that covers a large geographic area using a variety of wired and wireless transmission media.

RFID

radio frequency identification, protocol that defines how a network uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object, animal, or a person. the tag, called a transponder, consists of an antenna and a memory chip that contains the info to be transmitted via radio waves.

network topology

refers to the layout of the computers and devices in a communications network

multiplexing

same phone line that could carry only one computer signal can now carry three or more signals at once through the same line

802.11

series of network standards that specifies how two wireless devices communicate over the air with each other.

ISDN

set of standards for digital transmission of data over standard copper phone lines. same phone line that could carry only one computer signal now can carry three or more.

fractional t1

share a connection to the T1 line with other users. slower. but less expensive.

peer-to-peer network

simple, inexpensive network that typically connects fewer than 10 computers

mobile hot spot

some smartphones also can function as a wireless modem when tethered to a personal computer.

token

special series of bits that functions like a ticket based on ring topology

three basic network topologies are

star, bus, and ring

line-of-sight transmission

the sending device and the receiving device must be in line with each other so that nothing obstructs the path of the infrared light wave.

latency

the time it takes a signal to travel from one location to another on a network

TCP/IP

transmission control protocol/internet protocol network protocol that defines how messages are routed from one end of a network to the other, ensuring the data arrives correctly.

broadband

transmits multiple signals simultaneously