Chapter 10: Lipids

the membranes of a cold adapted bacteria expected to have ________? a. fewer fatty acids b. more fatty acids c. a higher percentage unsaturated FA to ensure flexibility d. a higher percentage of saturated FA for stability e. more protein

a higher percentage unsaturated FA to ensure flexibility

double bonds in unsaturated FA are usually _________ conformation

cis

where are triacylglycerol (triglyceride) stored? a. in the lumen of the ER b. in the mitochondria c. in the lipid droplet d. in the nucleus

in the lipid droplet

saturated vs unsaturated fatty acids

saturated: connected by single carbons only, straight unsaturated: can have one or more double bonds, bent

what structural feature "hardens" hydrogenated oils?

the structural feature that "hardens" hydrogenated oils is the process of hydrogenation, which removes some of the double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids and replaces them with single bonds

neutral fats (triacylglycerols) are insoluble in water, thus upon ingestion by an animal these fats a. cannot be transported via the blood to the adipose tissue because they are not water soluble b. they are transported in the blood in chylomycrons assemblies c. they are degraded to CO2 and water in the intestines and the ATP that is generated is taken up by the epthelial cells (a process that also leads to excessive flatulence) d. they get immediately converted to sugar which is water soluble e. none of the choices are correct

they are transported in the blood in chylomycrons assemblies

what are fats stored as?

triacylglycerols

how to determine where double bonds are?

# carbons from the carboxyl end is delta to the power of the carbon the bond starts at (ratio is number of carbons:# double bonds) (0=palmitic acid, 1=palmitoleic acid) # carbons from the methyl end, w-carbons bond starts at

the carboxyl group of a fatty acid has a pKa of about 4.5, thus at pH 10 fatty acids have a ________? a. +1 charge b. 0 charge c. -1 charge d. I need more information

-1 charge since the carboxyl group will be deprotonated