Chapter 10.1

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Who wrote "Histoire Naturelle (Natural History) in 1749

Buffon

Who is Charles Darwin's poetic grandfather

ERasmus Darwin

Events such as volcanoes, floods, and earthquakes are the basis of what geologic theory?

Erasmus Darwin

Who thought that a giraffe's long neck evolved from reaching high in trees

Lamarck

Lamarck's ideas of evolution are known as the inheritance of acquired characteristics. What was incorrect about his theory of how organisms evolve?

Lamarck thought that greater use or disuse of a structure or organ would cause changes that could then be passed on to offspring.

Who grouped living organisms into categories based on what they looked like

Linnaeus

E. Darwin

contended that all living things were descended from a common ancestor and that more-complex forms of life arose from less-complex forms

Linnaeus

developed a classification system to group organisms by their similarities, that also reflects evolutionary relationships

In the 1700s, many people believed that species were fixed and did not change. How did plant hybridization-a type of crossing that could be observed in experiments-help change this view

different species could be produced with hybridization, showing that species can change

What is the process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors

evolution

What word refers to traces of an organism that existed in the past

fossils

Lamarck

proposed that changes in physical characteristics could be inherited and were driven by environmental changes over time

Buffon

suggested that species shared ancestors

Gradualism

the principle that changes observed in landforms resulted from slow changes over a long period of time.

castastrophism

the theory that natural disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions have happened during the Earth's long history. These events have shaped land forms and caused species to become extinct.

Uniformitarianism

the theory that the geologic processes that shape Earth are uniforms through time.

What two conditions must be true for a group of animals to be considered the same species

they must be able to reproduce and have fertile offspring

What geologic theory can be summarized by the phrase "the present is the key to the past?

uniformitarianism


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