Chapter 11 & 12 Geography Study Guide

In what year did World War I begin?

1942

When did the two halves of Germany reunite?

After the Soviet Union lost control of Eastern Europe

What mountain range separates Western Europe and Southern Europe?

Alps

Based on the map, which two cities are within the boundaries of both Alexander's empire and the Roman Empire at its greatest extent?

Babylon and Thebes

What is the unique language spoken in the Pyrenees region of France and Spain?

Basque

What are the countries Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg commonly known as?

Benelux Countries

Which is a correct statement about the population of Northern and Southern Europe?

Birthrates have declined, and the population is aging.

Based on the excerpt, which are the dominant ethnic groups in Iceland?

Celtic and Norwegian

Based on the excerpt, what statements is true?

Eastern Norway has colder and snowier winters than Western Norway.

What river flows through Germany into the North Sea?

Elbe

Based on the excerpt, what can be said about the languages spoken in Western Europe?

English is a combination of Germanic and Romance languages.

What is the part of the sea connects to the lower end of a river?

Estuary

Which organization was created in 1993 to strengthen trade and commerce ties between European nations?

European Union

Most of Spain's population lives in the rugged rural Meseta Central region. a. True b. False

False- Most of Spain's population lives in the rugged rural Meseta Central region.

Nicolaus Copernicus confirmed that the sun orbits Earth. a. True b. False

False- Nicolaus Copernicus confirmed that the sun orbits Earth.

Taxes are relatively low in the countries of Northern Europe. a. True b. False

False- Taxes are relatively low in the countries of Northern Europe.

The European Union (EU) has 12 member nations. a. True b. False

False- The European Union (EU) has 12 member nations.

Based on the excerpt, how does the United Kingdom compare to Western Europe as a whole?

Fewer of its workers are employed in the industrial sector.

What statements about the languages of Northern Europe is accurate?

Finnish is not related to the other languages of Northern Europe.

What is a deep, narrow, water-filled valley?

Fjord

What is the most popular team sport across Western Europe?

Football (Soccer)

Which country is Western Europe's leading agricultural producer?

France

Between which two countries does the Rhine River serve as a partial political boundary?

France and Germany

What is one reason that France is Western Europe's leading agricultural producer?

France devotes more land to agriculture than any other nation in the region.

What is the most common Romance language in Western Europe?

French

What is weathering and erosion caused by moving glaciers called?

Glaciation

Besides its presence in Eastern Europe, in which Southern European country was the Eastern Orthodox Church centered?

Greece

In which Southern European country is Mount Olympus located?

Greece

How were Greek Christians treated under Ottoman rule?

Greek Christians had limited rights but could practice their religion.

Why did Emperor Constantine move the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Constantinople?

He wanted a site that would be less threatened by barbarian invaders than Rome.

What is decomposed plant and animal material that makes fertile soil refered to?

Humus

What forces shaped the Northern European Plain during the last ice age?

Ice sheets

Based on the excerpt, where do the warm waters of the Norwegian Current originate?

In the tropics

What was the period when machines began taking over work once done by hand?

Industrial Revolution

What was the religion of the Moors who invaded Spain from Northern Africa?

Islam

What type of landmass is Iceland?

Island

Which islands form the Atlantic Archipelago?

Islands of Britain and Ireland

What statement about the Hundred Years' War is accurate?

It contributed to the spread of the Black Death.

Which is an accurate statement about World War I?

It grew out of political changes and rivalries among European powers.

Based on the map, which of the following is a true statement about Alexander's empire?

It included the Persian Empire and part of India.

Why is the Baltic Sea more likely to freeze than other bodies of salt water?

It is shallow and has a fairly low concentration of salt.

To which Southern European country do the islands of Sicily and Sardinia belong?

Italy

Which Southern European country was the birthplace of the Renaissance?

Italy

Which of the following statements explains Martin Luther's conflict with the Roman Catholic Church?

Luther believed that Church officials should not sell pardons for people's sins.

What kingdom, led by Alexander, conquered the Greek city-states?

Macedon

Why has whaling declined as an industry in Northern Europe?

Many of the larger whale species are considered endangered.

Who was the German priest responsible for the Protestant Reformation?

Martin Luther

What type of climate is most common in Southern Europe?

Mediterranean

Which sea dominates the coast of much of Southern Europe?

Mediterranean Sea

During the French Revolution, which group of people most wanted a voice in government?

Middle class

Why is Western Europe's economy called postindustrial?

More people work in service jobs than in manufacturing.

What percentage of Switzerland's electricity needs is provided by hydroelectricity produced from its fast-flowing rivers?

More than 50%

What is the tallest mountain in the Alps

Mount Blane

Why is the climate in Eastern Norway colder than the climate in the western part of the country?

Mountains reduce the flow of warmer air from the Norwegian Current.

Who was the French general who conquered much of Europe?

Napoleon Boneparte

What percentage of Finland's land is covered in forests?

Nearly 70%

Which of the following is one of the most important crops in Southern Europe?

Olives

What refers to a trip to visit the holy places of one's religion?

Pilgrimage

What forces formed the Alps?

Plate tectonics and glaciers

What is land reclaimed from the sea?

Polders

Based on the excerpt, what do Americans particularly like about British culture?

Popular music and television

What is refered to as the area where mostly short grasses and shrubs grow?

Scrubland

Which of the following is a well-known English river?

Thames

What causes the summers in southern France to be hot and dry?

The Azores High, which pushes moist air northward

What underwater structure connects Britain to mainland Europe?

The Chunnel

Since World War II, which of the following changes has taken place in many nations of Southern Europe?

They became democracies.

What makes the soils of the Northern European Plain so good for farming?

They contain Humus.

Which of the following statements about the ancient Greek city-states is accurate?

They had a common enemy, the Persians.

What is a fishing ship that tows a large net behind it called?

Trawler

What is a region of frozen subsoil and few plants called?

Tundra

What are strong winds that travel from west to east called?

Westerlies

When did Rome's western empire fall?

When Germanic groups invaded Western Europe from the northeast.

Who was one of the world's most famous playwrights?

William Shakespeare

What did the Romans build to transport water to cities and towns?

aqueducts

Which statement describes a way in which the European Union has benefited its member nations?

The EU has helped members compete more successfully with larger economies.

The Protestant Reformation had a lasting impact on Northern Europe. a. True b. False

True- The Protestant Reformation had a lasting impact on Northern Europe.

The Sami, or Lapps, were the original settlers of the countries of Northern Europe. a. True b. False

True- The Sami, or Lapps, were the original settlers of the countries of Northern Europe.

The literacy rate is very high in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. a. True b. False

True- The literacy rate is very high in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway.

The rise of high-speed rail travel in Europe helped limit air pollution. a. True b. False

True- The rise of high-speed rail travel in Europe helped limit air pollution.

Which of the following statements accurately describes feudalism?

Under feudalism, kings gave land to nobles in exchange for their military service.

What refers to a tree that loses its leaves in autumn?

Deciduous

Based on the excerpt, which one of the following positions would be part of the tertiary sector?

Computer repair person

Based on the excerpt, in which cultural area have the Germans had worldwide influence?

Architecture

What si the term that refers to a tree that keeps its needle-shaped leaves all winter?

Coniferous

Which climate is found in Finland, where the influence of seas is limited?

Continental climate

What theory did Galileo's telescope help prove?

Copernicus's theory that the planets, including Earth, orbit the sun.

Which features are most typical of a marine west coast climate?

Cold summers and mild winters

What conflict ended when the government of the Soviet Union fell apart?

Cold war

Which factor contributed most to Napoleon Bonaparte's defeat?

Combined might of France's enemies in conquered lands.

Which country in Northern Europe had three of its biggest banks fail in the financial crisis that swept the world in 2008?

Iceland

Which country in Northern Europe uses geothermal energy to heat its capital city?

Iceland

What is a cause of cultural conflict in Northern and Southern Europe?

Immigration from non-European nations.

Why does mainland Europe have a wider variety of plant life than the British Isles?

Mainland Europe has a more diverse climate than the British Isles.

Which body of water lies along Britain's east coast?

North Sea

What tree crop grows well in the scrublands near the Mediterranean?

Olives

Which country in Southern Europe is known for using the guitar as a serious musical instrument?

Spain

Which two countries form the Iberian Peninsula?

Spain and Portugal

Which city was one of the earliest centers of the Renaissance?

Sparta

Which statement most accurately describes John Locke's belief about government?

The best form of government is a contract between the ruler and the people.

What statements about the rule of the Roman Empire is accurate?

The eastern empire lasted almost 1,000 years after the western empire fell.

Which statement best describes the economy of Italy?

The economy in northern Italy is strong.

Based on the excerpt, which of the following statements about the population of Norway is most accurate?

The population is very homogeneous.

Based on the excerpt, what is one trait that is common among Western Europeans?

They are bilingual.

Which statement best describes the capital cities of Northern European countries?

They are often the cultural centers of their countries.

Why were the Middle Ages given their name?

They were a transition period between ancient and modern times.

Along which river did the city of Rome begin?

Tiber river

What is the main intent of welfare capitalism?

To ensure that all people have access to the essential aspects of life

What was the purpose of the European Economic Community, which was created in 1958?

To make trade among its member nations easier.

A plague, called the Black Death, spread during the Hundred Years' War. a. True b. False

True- A plague, called the Black Death, spread during the Hundred Years' War.

Christianity began in the western Roman Empire. a. True b. False

True- Christianity began in the western Roman Empire.

During the Industrial Revolution, many people moved from rural to urban areas. a. True b. False

True- During the Industrial Revolution, many people moved from rural to urban areas.

English is a Germanic language. a. True b. False

True- English is a Germanic language.

Migration is the main cause of population growth in Western Europe. a. True b. False

True- Migration is the main cause of population growth in Western Europe.

More Western Europeans work in service industries than in agriculture. a. True b. False

True- More Western Europeans work in service industries than in agriculture.

More civilians than military forces died during World War II. a. True b. False

True- More civilians than military forces died during World War II.