chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System, Blood

How do basophils respond during inflammation?

basophils release a variety of chemicals, such as histamine and heparin, that enhance inflammation and attract other types of white blood cells

The formation of red blood cells is called ______

erythropoiesis

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are all __________

granulocytes

The mechanism in the body which stops bleeding and prevents blood loss is known as _______.

hemostasis

what represents the sequence of stages in RBC maturation?

myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC

What are the 5 types of white blood cells?

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes

What type of white blood cell would you expect to find the greatest numbers in an infected cut?

neutrophils, phagocytic WBC's that are generally the first to arrive at the site of an injury

A person's blood type is determined by the

presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane

the chief difference between plasma and serum involves the?

presence/absence of clotting proteins

Why is venipuncture a common technique for obtaining a blood sample?

superficial veins are easy to locate , the walls of veins are thinner than those of arteries, and the puncture wound seals quickly becuase blood pressure in veins is relatively low.

What two components make up whole blood?

whole blood is composed of plasma and formed elements

what effect does dehydration have on an individual's hematocrit?

By lowering total blood volume (dehydration increases the hematocrit) the percentage of total blood volume occupied by the formed elements (mostly red blood cells)

If a sample of red bone marrow has fewer than normal numbers of megakaryocytes, what body process would you expect to be impaired as a result?

It would impair the clotting process

hemogloblin is?

a protein composed of four globular protein subunits, each bound to a heme molecule which gives RBC's the ability to transport oxygen in the blood.

monocytes and lymphocytes are __________

agranulocytes

Three major types of plasma proteins are?

albumins, globulins and fibrinogen

_________is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of RBC's is reduced.

anemia

Type AB blood does not contain ____________

anti-A or anti-B antiboties

What would be the effects of a decrease in the amount of plasma proteins?

would cause reductions in plasma osmotic pressure, the ability to fight infections and the transport and binding of some ions, hormones, and other molecules

What are the effects of a vitamin K deficiency on blood clotting (coagulation)?

would reduce the production of clotting factors necessary for normal blood coagulation.

Which type of cell would you find in elevated numbers in a person producing large amounts of circulating antibodies to combat a virus?

Lymphocytes produce circulating antibodies

The primary function of white blood cells is to

help defend the body against infectious organisms.

The primary functions of platelets are?

initiating the clotting process and helping to close damaged blood vessels

In what way would a disease that causes liver damage affect the level of bilirubin in the blood?

bilrubin would accumulate in the blood, causing jaundice, and would impair the liver's ability to excrete bilirubin in the bile