Chapter 11: The Eyes PREP U

A client in the clinic where you work is considered legally blind. The nurse knows that this means the vision in his better eye, corrected by glasses, is what?

20/200 or less

What do retinal abnormalities include?

Age-Related macular degeneration - gradually causes loss of sharp central vision, needed for common daily tasks

Which technique by the nurse demonstrates proper use of the ophthalmoscope?

Asks the client to fix the gaze upon an object and look straight ahead - remove glasses but keep contact lens in place - keep the ophthalmoscope still

Which of the following pathophysiologic processes underlies the vision loss associated with diabetes?

Blood vessels supplying the retina beam weak and bleeding occurs

_____ is a significant risk factor for cataracts

Diabetes

Which of the following would a nurse expect to assess in a client with esotropia?

Esotropia is a term used to describe eyes that turn inward

A nurse examines a client's retina during the ophthalmic examination and notices light-colored spots on the retinal background. The nurse should ask the client about a history of what disease process?

Exudates appear as light-colored spots on the retinal background and occur in individuals with diabetes or hypertension

A nurse is presenting a class to a local community group about vision and eye health. As part of the presentation, the nurse explains how visual perception occurs. What would the nurse include in the explanation?

It begins with light rays striking the retina

A client reports an area of distortion when looking at the Amsler chart. What does this finding indicate to the nurse?

Macular degeneration

When examining the eye with an ophthalmoscope, where would the nurse look to visualize the optic disc?

Medially toward the nose - round yellowish orange structure which is the optic disc

What are the glands that are located on the tarsal plates and open on the lid margins?

Meibomian glands

A student nurse asks the nursing instructor what blood vessels go to the eye. What would be the instructor's best answer?

The choroids

As part of a physical assessment, the nurse performs the confrontation test to assess the client's peripheral vision. Which test result should a nurse recognize as indicating normal peripheral vision for a client using the confrontation test?

The client and the examiner see the examiner's finger at the same time

The nurse notes that the pupil. of a client's left eye constricts when a light is shined into the right eye. How should the nurse document this finding?

consensual light response present in the left eye

Strabismus refers to a

constant malalignment of the eyes

Sclera

dense, protective, white covering that physically supports the internal structures of the eye

The nurse observes an inward turning of the lower lid in a 77-year-old client. The nurse documents

entropion

Retina

extends only to the ciliary body anteriorly and it receives visual stimuli and sends them to the brain

The palpebral conjunctiva lines the

inside of the eyelids

Nystagmus refers to

oscillating or shaking movement of the eye

Exotropia refers to an

outward turning of the eyes

Papilledema describes

swelling of the optic disc and anterior bulging of the physiologic cup; often signals serious disorders of the brain such as meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, trauma, mass lesions

Cornea

the transparent structure that permits the entrance of light through the lends to the retina

The conjunctiva is a

thin, transparent, continuous membrane that is divided into two portions: palpebral and bulbar

A client comes into the emergency department because of "spots" floating in. the line of vision. What should the nurse respond to. the client about this symptom?

This is a normal change in the eye associated with aging

Eyes converge on an object as it is moved towards the nose tests for

accommodation

The bulbar conjunctiva covers most of the

anterior eye

A nurse has performed the corneal light reflex test during a client's eye examination. During this test, the nurse appraised the client's eye alignment in which way?

by comparing the reflection of the light on the client's eye surface

On a health history, a client reports no visual disturbances, last eye exam being 2 years ago, and not wearing glasses. The nurse notices that the client squints when signing the consent for treatment form and holds the paper close to the face. What should the nurse do next?

perform both the distant and near visual acuity tests

Mydriasis, Argyll Robertson syndrome, and Horner's syndrome all affect the

pupils

Client's consensual pupils constrict in response to indirect light as well as direct light shown into the client's pupils resulting in constriction is observed when the testing the pupils for

reaction to light

Reduced peripheral vision is indicated by

the client NOT seeing the examiner's finger and a delay in seeing

A teenager is brought to the clinic for a sports physical examination. The client states plans to play goalie on the community soccer team. What is the most important teaching opportunity presented for this client?

use of safety equipment