Chapter 11: The Eyes PREP U
A client in the clinic where you work is considered legally blind. The nurse knows that this means the vision in his better eye, corrected by glasses, is what?
20/200 or less
What do retinal abnormalities include?
Age-Related macular degeneration - gradually causes loss of sharp central vision, needed for common daily tasks
Which technique by the nurse demonstrates proper use of the ophthalmoscope?
Asks the client to fix the gaze upon an object and look straight ahead - remove glasses but keep contact lens in place - keep the ophthalmoscope still
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes underlies the vision loss associated with diabetes?
Blood vessels supplying the retina beam weak and bleeding occurs
_____ is a significant risk factor for cataracts
Diabetes
Which of the following would a nurse expect to assess in a client with esotropia?
Esotropia is a term used to describe eyes that turn inward
A nurse examines a client's retina during the ophthalmic examination and notices light-colored spots on the retinal background. The nurse should ask the client about a history of what disease process?
Exudates appear as light-colored spots on the retinal background and occur in individuals with diabetes or hypertension
A nurse is presenting a class to a local community group about vision and eye health. As part of the presentation, the nurse explains how visual perception occurs. What would the nurse include in the explanation?
It begins with light rays striking the retina
A client reports an area of distortion when looking at the Amsler chart. What does this finding indicate to the nurse?
Macular degeneration
When examining the eye with an ophthalmoscope, where would the nurse look to visualize the optic disc?
Medially toward the nose - round yellowish orange structure which is the optic disc
What are the glands that are located on the tarsal plates and open on the lid margins?
Meibomian glands
A student nurse asks the nursing instructor what blood vessels go to the eye. What would be the instructor's best answer?
The choroids
As part of a physical assessment, the nurse performs the confrontation test to assess the client's peripheral vision. Which test result should a nurse recognize as indicating normal peripheral vision for a client using the confrontation test?
The client and the examiner see the examiner's finger at the same time
The nurse notes that the pupil. of a client's left eye constricts when a light is shined into the right eye. How should the nurse document this finding?
consensual light response present in the left eye
Strabismus refers to a
constant malalignment of the eyes
Sclera
dense, protective, white covering that physically supports the internal structures of the eye
The nurse observes an inward turning of the lower lid in a 77-year-old client. The nurse documents
entropion
Retina
extends only to the ciliary body anteriorly and it receives visual stimuli and sends them to the brain
The palpebral conjunctiva lines the
inside of the eyelids
Nystagmus refers to
oscillating or shaking movement of the eye
Exotropia refers to an
outward turning of the eyes
Papilledema describes
swelling of the optic disc and anterior bulging of the physiologic cup; often signals serious disorders of the brain such as meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, trauma, mass lesions
Cornea
the transparent structure that permits the entrance of light through the lends to the retina
The conjunctiva is a
thin, transparent, continuous membrane that is divided into two portions: palpebral and bulbar
A client comes into the emergency department because of "spots" floating in. the line of vision. What should the nurse respond to. the client about this symptom?
This is a normal change in the eye associated with aging
Eyes converge on an object as it is moved towards the nose tests for
accommodation
The bulbar conjunctiva covers most of the
anterior eye
A nurse has performed the corneal light reflex test during a client's eye examination. During this test, the nurse appraised the client's eye alignment in which way?
by comparing the reflection of the light on the client's eye surface
On a health history, a client reports no visual disturbances, last eye exam being 2 years ago, and not wearing glasses. The nurse notices that the client squints when signing the consent for treatment form and holds the paper close to the face. What should the nurse do next?
perform both the distant and near visual acuity tests
Mydriasis, Argyll Robertson syndrome, and Horner's syndrome all affect the
pupils
Client's consensual pupils constrict in response to indirect light as well as direct light shown into the client's pupils resulting in constriction is observed when the testing the pupils for
reaction to light
Reduced peripheral vision is indicated by
the client NOT seeing the examiner's finger and a delay in seeing
A teenager is brought to the clinic for a sports physical examination. The client states plans to play goalie on the community soccer team. What is the most important teaching opportunity presented for this client?
use of safety equipment