chapter 12

_____ occurs when people are treated differently because of their gender.

Sex discrimination

What are the four dimensions of surface-level diversity that many managers use to form initial impressions which can sometimes lead to discrimination?

Physical capabilities, gender, race/ethnicity, and age

_____ is the degree to which group members are psychologically attracted to working with each other to accomplish a common objective.

Social integration

Which of the following statements is true regarding discrimination based on sex?

Although progress is being made, sex discrimination continues to operate via the glass ceiling at higher levels in organizations.

_____ consists of differences such as personality and attitudes that are learned only through extended interaction with others and are communicated through verbal and nonverbal behaviors.

Deep-level diversity

Which of the following statements explains why diversity makes good business sense?

Diversity helps companies attract and retain talented employees.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the discrimination and fairness paradigm?

It focuses only on surface-level dimensions of diversity.

Which of the following might account for the disparities between the percentages of African, Hispanic, and Asian Americans among the general population and their smaller representation in management positions?

Racial or ethnic discrimination in the workplace

Which of the following is an example of deep-level diversity?

attitudes

The two basic types of diversity training programs are _____.

awareness and skills-based

Affirmative action programs are typically designed to _____.

compensate for past discrimination

The term _____ refers to the degree to which someone is organized, hardworking, responsible, persevering, thorough, and achievement oriented.

conscientiousness

An individual's _____ refers to his or her tendency to respond to situations and events in a predetermined manner.

disposition

_____ is a term that describes a situation in organizations when there is a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among the people who work there and the customers who do business there.

diversity

A key difference between affirmative action and diversity is that _____.

diversity has a broader focus, while affirmative action does not

People with high degree of _____ respond well under stress.

emotional stability

Which of the following job positions most likely requires people with high degree of extraversion?

salesperson

When the world's biggest manufacturer of locks looked at its employee composition, it discovered that its workers were either of ages over 50 or under 30. This age difference brought conflicts on important decisions which the company identified as a threat to its growth. _____ was needed to get these two groups to respect each other's work abilities.

social integration

With surface-level diversity, differences are immediately observable, easy to measure, and _____.

typically unchangeable

The glass ceiling is most closely associated with _____.

ethnic, racial, and gender discrimination

_____ is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different from each other.

personality

How do companies typically fare when they are accused of discrimination and must go to court to defend themselves?

Companies lose, on average, two-thirds of the discrimination cases brought against them.

Which of the following statements about disabilities is true?

People with disabilities have better safety records.

Which of the following is the most commonly used paradigm for managing diversity?

The discrimination and fairness paradigm

The purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women is called _____.

affirmative action