Chapter 12
The thickest of the meninges is the A. pia mater. B. arachnoid mater. C. subdural space. D. subarachnoid space. E. dura mater
dura mater
The spinal cord begins at the A. cerebellum. B. medulla oblongata. C. foramen magnum. D. conus medullaris E. 1st cervical vertebrae.
foramen magnum
Which portion of a reflex arc is most likely to be located entirely within the central nervous system? A. sensory neuron B. motor neuron C. effector cell D. interneuron E. receptor cell
interneuron
A reflex that protects limbs by removing them from painful stimuli is the A. stretch reflex. B. crossed extensor reflex. C. Golgi tendon reflex. D. alternating reflex. E. withdrawal reflex
withdrawal reflex
The muscles of the back contract to straighten so that you sit at a more erect posture and subsequently the muscles are suddenly stretched as you nod off. Which of the following best represents the sequence of events when you start to nod off? (1) muscles of the back are stretched (2) the muscle spindle is stretched (3) action potentials in sensory neurons of the muscle spindles increase (4) action potentials in alpha motor neurons of skeletal muscle fibers increase (5) skeletal muscle of the back contract A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B. 1, 5, 2, 3, 4 C. 1, 5, 3, 2, 4 D. 5, 2, 3, 4, 1 E. 4, 5, 3, 2, 1
1,2,3,4,5
5. The spinal cord ends at the A. sacrum. B. coccyx. C. 5th lumbar vertebrae. D. 2nd lumbar vertebrae
2nd lumbar vertebrae
Place the following parts of a reflex arc in the correct order beginning with the sensory receptor. (1) motor neuron (2) interneuron (3) effector (4) sensory neuron (5) sensory receptor A. 5, 1, 2, 3, 4 B. 5, 3, 2, 4, 1 C. 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 D. 5, 2, 3, 4, 1 E. 5, 4, 2, 1, 3
5,4,2,1,3
Reflexes function in A. removing the body from painful stimuli. B. keeping the body from falling. C. maintaining blood pressure. D. maintaining blood CO 2 levels. E. All of these choices are correct.
All of these choices are correct
What is found in the dorsal root ganglion? A. The cell bodies of multipolar motor neurons. B. The cell bodies of pseudo-unipolar sensory neurons. C. The cell bodies of multipolar interneurons. D. The cell bodies of bipolar sensory neurons.
The cell bodies of pseudo-unipolar sensory neurons
13. Which of the following is false? A. The dorsal root of the spinal cord conveys sensory (afferent) nerve impulses to the spinal cord. B. The posterior horn of the cord contains the cell bodies of motor neurons. C. The ventral root is formed by the axons of neurons in the lateral and anterior horns. D. The dorsal and ventral roots unite to form spinal nerves. E. The ventral root of the spinal cord conveys motor (efferent) nerve impulses away from the spinal cord.
The posterior horn of the cord contains the cell bodies of motor neurons
In the Golgi tendon reflex, A. muscle spindles detect tension in a tendon. B. alpha motor neurons are inhibited causing muscle relaxation. C. gamma motor neurons cause muscle contraction. D. there is reciprocal innervation to facilitate the reflex. E. alpha motor neurons are stimulated causing muscle contraction.
alpha motor neurons are inhibited causing muscle relaxation
The sensory receptor of the stretch reflex is the A. Golgi tendon organ. B. muscle spindle. C. dorsal root ganglion. D. collateral axon. E. alpha motor neurons.
muscle spindle
Gamma motor neurons A. are located in tendons. B. transmit action potentials to skeletal muscle. C. regulate the sensitivity of the muscle spindle. D. enable the brain to perceive that a muscle has been stretched. E. innervate the whole muscle.
regulate the sensitivity of the muscle spindle
Reciprocal innervation A. is associated with the Golgi tendon reflex. B. stimulates antagonistic muscles. C. results in reduced resistance to the reflex. D. reinforces the withdrawal reflex. E. inhibits the stretch reflex.
reinforces the withdrawal reflex
The patellar or knee-jerk reflex is a classic example of A. the Golgi tendon reflex. B. the withdrawal reflex. C. the stretch reflex. D. the crossed extensor reflex. E. reciprocal innervation.
the stretch reflex