Chapter 12 Biology

Incomplete Dominance

Heterozygus individual mixture that looks like the two homozygus.

Codominance

Both phenotypes are present.

What are external and internal factors that can affect gene function? (2 each)

External-Leaves size and Arctic fox coat color depends on temperature. Internal-Male pattern baldness and horn size in a mountain sheep is effected by different hormones.

Autosomes

First 22 chromosomes.

Polygenic Inheritance

Traits that are controlled by ore than two genes.

Sex-Linked Traits

Traits that are on the X and Y chromosomes.

Human Genome

Trying to map out all 23 chromosomes and what is on them.

heterozygus, carrier, homozygus

homozygus; the carrier is heterozygus

Pedigree

A visual representation of how genes are inherited. (Family Tree)

Cystic Fibrosis, Tay-Sachs Disease, Phenylketonuria

All examples of simple recessive heredity

autosomes, X and Y chromosomes, sex-linked traits, sex chromosomes

Autosomes; do not fit with the making of the offspring

Sex Chromosomes

23rd Chromosome Female=XX Male=XY

Huntington's disease

Dominant Heredity

How does incomplete dominance differ from multiple alleles?

Incomplete dominance is a heterozygus individual mixture that looks like two homozygus. Multiple alleles are more than two alleles.

Multiple Alleles

More than two alleles.

How does polygenic inheritance differ from Mendelian inheritance?

Polygenic inheritance is the inheritance pattern of a trait that is controlled by two or more alleles. Mendelian inheritance are dominant traits.

Transgenic Organisms

Recombinant DNA

What things can influence gene expression?

Temperature, nutrition, light, chemicals, and infectious agents.

phenotype, genotype, heterozygus, homozygus

phenotype; describes the way an organism looks