Chapter 12 LearnSmart

which theory proposes that work satisfaction originates from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction originates from hygiene factors

Herzberg's two-factor theory

what theories of motivation would be characterized as content perspectives

Herzberg's two-factor theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory McClelland's acquired needs theory

the theory of motivation that asserts that people are motivated by physiological safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs is ________ theory

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

the theory of motivation that assets that achievement, affiliation and power are the major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace is called

McClelland's acquired needs theory

which of the following would be considered extrinsic rewards

a raise a new company car

goals motivate us through the following mechanisms

attention persistence strategies effort

which guidelines should be followed when giving positive reinforcement

be clear about what behavior is desired give rewards as soon as possible

in expectancy theory, expectancy represents the

belied that a particular level of effort will lead to a particular level of performance

elaine surpassed her sales goal and earned a small cash award for her strong performance. this is an example of a

bonus program

cash awards given to employees who achieve specific performance objectives are called

bonuses

after you identify a long-term goal, what is the second step in developing career readiness

break your long-term goal into several short-term goals

what are characteristics of motivating goals according to goal-setting theory

challenging specific achievable

louisa is a real estate salesperson. when she sells a house, she earns a sales ________ equal to 6% of the sales price of the house

commission

according to self-determination theory, people's behavior and well-being are influenced by what 3 innate needs

competence autonomy relatedness

which are principal perspectives on motivation

content job design reinforcement process

what are the three major elements of Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model

core job characteristics work outcomes psychological states

after the task on a to-do list are prioritized, what is the next step in developing career readiness

create a time schedule for reaching your long-term goal

your to-do list for achieving short-term goals should identify the

daily tasks you need to complete

dividing work among employees and applying motivational theories to increase employee satisfaction are the two components of job

design

how does goal-setting motivate employees

directing employee attention fostering employee use of action plans regulating employee efforts increasing employee persistence

according to the equity theory, which of the following would be characterized as inputs

effort training experience

the concept of fitting jobs to people is based on what ideas

employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety employees are underutilized

the model of motivation called equity theory is based on which of the following ideas

employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance

which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives

equity theory goal-setting theory expectancy theory

which of the following are levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs

esteem physiological safety love self-actualization

Jaleel believes that if he studies hard for the next test, he will earn a high score. in terms of motivational theory, this is an example of

expectancy

robert believes that no matter how hard he studies, he will never pass the exam. according to Victor Vroom's theory, robert has low

expectancy

what theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort to exert to get what you want in a particular situation

expectancy

which types of reinforcement are intended to weaken a behavior

extinction punishment

money is the best motivator

false

there is one main theory as to what motivates people, and this theory is accepted by most people

false

what is the modern way of designing jobs

fitting jobs to people

when rewarding an employee for a behavior, you should

give rewards as soon as possible

what guidelines should be followed when giving positive reinforcement

give rewards as soon as possible be clear about what behavior is desired

which theory suggests that employees can be motivated by objectives that are specific and challenging but achievable and that have rewards tailored to individual needs

goal-setting

the economic or protective potential of employee experience, actions and knowledge is referred to as

human capital

what is the first step in developing career readiness

identify your most important long-term goal

in equity theory, the education, experience and skills that individuals contribute to their organizations are examples of

inputs

power that is used as a means to further organizational goals is known as _________ power

institutional

what three types of justice are the components of organizational justice

interactional distributive procedural

why is creating a time schedule important when it comes to developing a career management plan

it enables you to monitor your progress it helps you organize your schedule

which of the following focuses on 5 core job characteristics that affect the psychological states of an employee, which in turn affect work outcomes

job characteristics model

what are the two means by which jobs are fitted to people

job enrichment job enlargement

equity theory is focused on explains how people work to achieve which of the following

justice fairness

what are the three critical psychological states identified by the job characteristics model

knowledge of actual results of the work responsibility for work outcomes meaningfulness of work

to be successful, an incentive compensation plan must be

measurable

pay for performance, basing pay on one's result is also known as ____ pay

merit

the use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior is called behavior

modification

the goal of an incentive compensation plan is to

motivate employees to work harder for more money

the psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior are collectively called

motivation

which statements about motivation are true

motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation

physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called ________

needs

how does McClelland view needs

needs are something we learn from out culture

according to reinforcement theory, turning in your monthly expense report on time so that your supervisor will not nag you for it is an example of

negative reinforcement

the process of strengthening the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated by removing a negative consequence when the behavior is performed is known as

negative reinforcement

which statement about incentive compensation is true

no one plan will boost the performance of all employees

when prioritizing the tasks you need to complete to reach your career goals, you should

order them from low importance to high importance

what area of equity theory is concerned with the extent to which people believe they are being treated fairly at work

organizational justice

when analyzing the pay scale of her staff, Nanci saw that several equivalent positions in the department were paid at various rates. she felt that they needed to be balanced. which aspect of equity theory is nanci taking into consideration

outputs

in equity theory, the outputs received from an organization include which of the following

pay rewards praise

what are the stages of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation

performance to outcomes effort to performance

according to McClelland's acquired needs theory, ________power is expressed in an individual's desire to dominate others

personal

contingency factors refer to the degree to which individuals want

personal and psychological development

a pay-for-performance plan in which employees are paid according to their productivity is referred to as

piece rate

merilee is a seamstress in a garment factory and she is paid $10 for each skirt she produces, what compensation plan does this describe

piece rate

a manager tells his employees, "if you exceed your sales quota, i will give you a bonus." in reinforcement theory, this is an example of

positive reinforcement

to encourage mikayla to help around the house, her mother offers to pay her $1 each time she makes her bed in the morning and puts her laundry in the hamper. this is an example of

positive reinforcement

according to McClelland's acquired needs theory, a "control freak" might be described as an individual with normal achievement needs, a low level of affiliation needs, and a very high level of _________ needs

power

after the creation of a "to-do" list for accomplishing short-term goals, what is the next step in developing career readiness

prioritize the tasks you need to complete to reach your goal

which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the though progression that leads to people deciding how to act

process perspectives

which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act

process perspectives

the distribution to employees of a percentage of the company's profits is known as

profit sharing

what does the technique called scientific management seek to do

reduce the number of tasks a worker performs raise employee productivity increase employee efficiency

anything that causes a given behavior to be repeated or inhibited in known as

reinforcement

consequences influence behavior best describes which theory of motivation

reinforcement theory

when working on your plan, it is important to

remain flexible

sales representatives are paid a percentage of the earnings the company made from their sales in the form of a

sales commission

the theory of motivation that asserts that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influences by the 3 innate needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, is known as the __________ theory

self-determination

what tamika loves about her job is that every day brings new challenges, and she can use different talents and abilities to complete her job tasks. this is an example of which core job characteristic

skill variety

which of the following are core job characteristics in the Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model

skill variety autonomy feedback task significance

with _________, certain employees are given the right to buy stock at a future date for a discounted price

stock options

jakob thought he would enjoy his job as a web designer, but it turns out that he is responsible only for updating web pages and not for creating them, too. according to the job characteristics model, jakob has low

task identity

asked to describe what was most meaningful about his job at the senior citizen center, marc answered "i make a difference every day to the lives of elderly people in our community." this is an example of which element of the job characteristics model

task significance

need for affiliation

the desire for friendly and warm relations with other people

need for power

the desire to be responsible for other people, to influence their behavior or to control them

need for achievement

the desire to excel, to do something better or more efficiently, to solve problems, to achieve excellence in challenging tasks

task significance

the extent to which a job affects the lives of others, whether inside or outside the organization

autonomy

the extent to which a job allows the worker to make choices about scheduling different tasks and/ or deciding how to perform them

task identity

the extent to which a job requires a worker to perform everything needed to complete the job from beginning to end

skill variety

the extent to which a job requires a worker to use a wide range of different abilities

which answer best describes flourishing

the extent to which our lives contain positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and achievement

feedback,

the extent to which workers receive clear, direct information about how well they are performing the job

what are characteristics of the best incentive compensation plans

they are agreed on both employees and managers they link rewards to performance

pay for performance allows different salaried employees to get different pay raises and other rewards

true

what are three types of learning opportunities

tuition reimbursement learning and development studying co-workers

a survey showed that while most employees were pleased with the company's advancement opportunities and merit system, they were dissatisfied with factors such as pay scale and sharing an office with someone they disliked. these results exemplify which theory of motivation

two-factor theory

according to psychologist, Martin Seligman, the combined effect of positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and achievement constitutes

well-being

after creating a time schedule for accomplishing tasks and goals, what is the next step in developing career readiness

work the plan, give yourself rewards when appropriate, and make needed adjustments

one survey found that about half of US adults would be willing to take a 10% pay cut if it meant

working at a job that they found meaningful

why should you break your most important long-term goal into many short-term goals

you are more likely to achieve a long-term goal if you break it down into smaller goals