Chapter 12 LearnSmart
which theory proposes that work satisfaction originates from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction originates from hygiene factors
Herzberg's two-factor theory
what theories of motivation would be characterized as content perspectives
Herzberg's two-factor theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory McClelland's acquired needs theory
the theory of motivation that asserts that people are motivated by physiological safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs is ________ theory
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
the theory of motivation that assets that achievement, affiliation and power are the major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace is called
McClelland's acquired needs theory
which of the following would be considered extrinsic rewards
a raise a new company car
goals motivate us through the following mechanisms
attention persistence strategies effort
which guidelines should be followed when giving positive reinforcement
be clear about what behavior is desired give rewards as soon as possible
in expectancy theory, expectancy represents the
belied that a particular level of effort will lead to a particular level of performance
elaine surpassed her sales goal and earned a small cash award for her strong performance. this is an example of a
bonus program
cash awards given to employees who achieve specific performance objectives are called
bonuses
after you identify a long-term goal, what is the second step in developing career readiness
break your long-term goal into several short-term goals
what are characteristics of motivating goals according to goal-setting theory
challenging specific achievable
louisa is a real estate salesperson. when she sells a house, she earns a sales ________ equal to 6% of the sales price of the house
commission
according to self-determination theory, people's behavior and well-being are influenced by what 3 innate needs
competence autonomy relatedness
which are principal perspectives on motivation
content job design reinforcement process
what are the three major elements of Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model
core job characteristics work outcomes psychological states
after the task on a to-do list are prioritized, what is the next step in developing career readiness
create a time schedule for reaching your long-term goal
your to-do list for achieving short-term goals should identify the
daily tasks you need to complete
dividing work among employees and applying motivational theories to increase employee satisfaction are the two components of job
design
how does goal-setting motivate employees
directing employee attention fostering employee use of action plans regulating employee efforts increasing employee persistence
according to the equity theory, which of the following would be characterized as inputs
effort training experience
the concept of fitting jobs to people is based on what ideas
employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety employees are underutilized
the model of motivation called equity theory is based on which of the following ideas
employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance
which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives
equity theory goal-setting theory expectancy theory
which of the following are levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs
esteem physiological safety love self-actualization
Jaleel believes that if he studies hard for the next test, he will earn a high score. in terms of motivational theory, this is an example of
expectancy
robert believes that no matter how hard he studies, he will never pass the exam. according to Victor Vroom's theory, robert has low
expectancy
what theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort to exert to get what you want in a particular situation
expectancy
which types of reinforcement are intended to weaken a behavior
extinction punishment
money is the best motivator
false
there is one main theory as to what motivates people, and this theory is accepted by most people
false
what is the modern way of designing jobs
fitting jobs to people
when rewarding an employee for a behavior, you should
give rewards as soon as possible
what guidelines should be followed when giving positive reinforcement
give rewards as soon as possible be clear about what behavior is desired
which theory suggests that employees can be motivated by objectives that are specific and challenging but achievable and that have rewards tailored to individual needs
goal-setting
the economic or protective potential of employee experience, actions and knowledge is referred to as
human capital
what is the first step in developing career readiness
identify your most important long-term goal
in equity theory, the education, experience and skills that individuals contribute to their organizations are examples of
inputs
power that is used as a means to further organizational goals is known as _________ power
institutional
what three types of justice are the components of organizational justice
interactional distributive procedural
why is creating a time schedule important when it comes to developing a career management plan
it enables you to monitor your progress it helps you organize your schedule
which of the following focuses on 5 core job characteristics that affect the psychological states of an employee, which in turn affect work outcomes
job characteristics model
what are the two means by which jobs are fitted to people
job enrichment job enlargement
equity theory is focused on explains how people work to achieve which of the following
justice fairness
what are the three critical psychological states identified by the job characteristics model
knowledge of actual results of the work responsibility for work outcomes meaningfulness of work
to be successful, an incentive compensation plan must be
measurable
pay for performance, basing pay on one's result is also known as ____ pay
merit
the use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior is called behavior
modification
the goal of an incentive compensation plan is to
motivate employees to work harder for more money
the psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior are collectively called
motivation
which statements about motivation are true
motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation
physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called ________
needs
how does McClelland view needs
needs are something we learn from out culture
according to reinforcement theory, turning in your monthly expense report on time so that your supervisor will not nag you for it is an example of
negative reinforcement
the process of strengthening the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated by removing a negative consequence when the behavior is performed is known as
negative reinforcement
which statement about incentive compensation is true
no one plan will boost the performance of all employees
when prioritizing the tasks you need to complete to reach your career goals, you should
order them from low importance to high importance
what area of equity theory is concerned with the extent to which people believe they are being treated fairly at work
organizational justice
when analyzing the pay scale of her staff, Nanci saw that several equivalent positions in the department were paid at various rates. she felt that they needed to be balanced. which aspect of equity theory is nanci taking into consideration
outputs
in equity theory, the outputs received from an organization include which of the following
pay rewards praise
what are the stages of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation
performance to outcomes effort to performance
according to McClelland's acquired needs theory, ________power is expressed in an individual's desire to dominate others
personal
contingency factors refer to the degree to which individuals want
personal and psychological development
a pay-for-performance plan in which employees are paid according to their productivity is referred to as
piece rate
merilee is a seamstress in a garment factory and she is paid $10 for each skirt she produces, what compensation plan does this describe
piece rate
a manager tells his employees, "if you exceed your sales quota, i will give you a bonus." in reinforcement theory, this is an example of
positive reinforcement
to encourage mikayla to help around the house, her mother offers to pay her $1 each time she makes her bed in the morning and puts her laundry in the hamper. this is an example of
positive reinforcement
according to McClelland's acquired needs theory, a "control freak" might be described as an individual with normal achievement needs, a low level of affiliation needs, and a very high level of _________ needs
power
after the creation of a "to-do" list for accomplishing short-term goals, what is the next step in developing career readiness
prioritize the tasks you need to complete to reach your goal
which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the though progression that leads to people deciding how to act
process perspectives
which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act
process perspectives
the distribution to employees of a percentage of the company's profits is known as
profit sharing
what does the technique called scientific management seek to do
reduce the number of tasks a worker performs raise employee productivity increase employee efficiency
anything that causes a given behavior to be repeated or inhibited in known as
reinforcement
consequences influence behavior best describes which theory of motivation
reinforcement theory
when working on your plan, it is important to
remain flexible
sales representatives are paid a percentage of the earnings the company made from their sales in the form of a
sales commission
the theory of motivation that asserts that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influences by the 3 innate needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, is known as the __________ theory
self-determination
what tamika loves about her job is that every day brings new challenges, and she can use different talents and abilities to complete her job tasks. this is an example of which core job characteristic
skill variety
which of the following are core job characteristics in the Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model
skill variety autonomy feedback task significance
with _________, certain employees are given the right to buy stock at a future date for a discounted price
stock options
jakob thought he would enjoy his job as a web designer, but it turns out that he is responsible only for updating web pages and not for creating them, too. according to the job characteristics model, jakob has low
task identity
asked to describe what was most meaningful about his job at the senior citizen center, marc answered "i make a difference every day to the lives of elderly people in our community." this is an example of which element of the job characteristics model
task significance
need for affiliation
the desire for friendly and warm relations with other people
need for power
the desire to be responsible for other people, to influence their behavior or to control them
need for achievement
the desire to excel, to do something better or more efficiently, to solve problems, to achieve excellence in challenging tasks
task significance
the extent to which a job affects the lives of others, whether inside or outside the organization
autonomy
the extent to which a job allows the worker to make choices about scheduling different tasks and/ or deciding how to perform them
task identity
the extent to which a job requires a worker to perform everything needed to complete the job from beginning to end
skill variety
the extent to which a job requires a worker to use a wide range of different abilities
which answer best describes flourishing
the extent to which our lives contain positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and achievement
feedback,
the extent to which workers receive clear, direct information about how well they are performing the job
what are characteristics of the best incentive compensation plans
they are agreed on both employees and managers they link rewards to performance
pay for performance allows different salaried employees to get different pay raises and other rewards
true
what are three types of learning opportunities
tuition reimbursement learning and development studying co-workers
a survey showed that while most employees were pleased with the company's advancement opportunities and merit system, they were dissatisfied with factors such as pay scale and sharing an office with someone they disliked. these results exemplify which theory of motivation
two-factor theory
according to psychologist, Martin Seligman, the combined effect of positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and achievement constitutes
well-being
after creating a time schedule for accomplishing tasks and goals, what is the next step in developing career readiness
work the plan, give yourself rewards when appropriate, and make needed adjustments
one survey found that about half of US adults would be willing to take a 10% pay cut if it meant
working at a job that they found meaningful
why should you break your most important long-term goal into many short-term goals
you are more likely to achieve a long-term goal if you break it down into smaller goals
