Chapter 13- Cropping system

With continuous cropping, the same crop is grown for how many years on the same land? 1 2 3 4

2

What and perennial grasses have been shown to be effective at reducing the nitrogen loss from tile drainage systems? Clover Sorghum Wheat Alfalfa

Alfalfa

What are two types of agroforestry? Alley cropping and Silvopasture No cropping and Silvopasture Alley cropping and Silvoforestry No cropping and Silvoforestry

Alley cropping and Silvopasture

Biodiversity also provides for a balance of _________ and _________ insects and other organisms. Useless and Harmless Useless and Harmless Beneficial and Harmless Beneficial and Harmful

Beneficial and Harmful

Cropping systems vary in their what?? Chemical makeup Biodiversity Character traits Physical makeup

Biodiversity

What is it called when a planned sequence of different crops grown over years on the same land? Crop Rotation Prescribed Burning Disking Tillage

Crop Rotation

Landscape through strategic placement of crops are called what? Conservation planting Restoration planting Cover planting Alternate planting

Conservation planting

This rotation is widely used in the Midwest to produce two high-value crops while still taking advantage of the benefits of rotation. Sudan-Sorghum (3-year rotation) Corn-Soybean (3-year rotation) Sudan-Sorghum (2-year rotation) Corn-Soybean (3-year rotation)

Corn-soybean (2-year rotation).

What is a type of multiple cropping? Alternate cropping Cover cropping Shade cropping Hover cropping

Cover cropping

What enable the management of crops so as to efficiently use the available climatic and soil resources? Weed systems Planting systems Cropping systems Seed systems

Cropping systems

Increased biodiversity provides resistance to crop failure due to what in weather, pests, or other catastrophes? Opposites Contraries Extremes Absolute

Extremes

Rotation effects occur that decrease the yield of subsequent crops. True False

False

Riparian buffers are also called what?

Filter strips

Chemicals such as herbicides, insecticides, and _______ can be used to target the specific weed, insect, and microbial pests of the monocrop. Bactericides Fungicides Pesticides A combination of herbicides and pesticides

Fungicides

What are grown for the primary purpose of plowing under to improve the soil quality through the addition of organic matter and nutrients? Green manure crop Yellow manure crop Brown manure crop White manure crop

Green manure crops

What uses crop rotations that include nitrogen-fixing legumes such as alfalfa and soybean can add nitrogen to the soil for the growth of subsequent crops Increase in soil fertility and soil quality Increase in fertility quality Decrease in soil fertility and soil quality. Decrease in fertility quality

Increase in soil fertility and soil quality.

what is polyculture also called? Outercropping Intercropping Nocropping Grainchopping

Intercropping

An increased diversity of crops growing on the same farm provides the potential for multiple revenue streams causes what? No risk Less risk More risk High risk

Less risk

Although soybean is a legume, its contribution of biologically fixed nitrogen is ________ because much of the fixed nitrogen is removed in the grain harvest. Extinct Plentiful Limited Threatened

Limited

What systems involve planting annual grain crops into a living but suppressed perennial sod that can recover following harvest of the grain crop? No Mulch Plenty Mulch Living Mulch Dead Mulch

Living Mulch

________ specialized for the crop can be used to maximize efficiency of crop planting and harvest. Machinery Technology Chemical Mechanical

Machinery

What is it called two or more crops are grown together at random? Mixed intercropping Mixed outercropping Multiple intercropping Multiple outercropping

Mixed intercropping

What type of systems involve growing a single crop within a field during the growing season? Monoculture Bioculture Multiculture Polyculture

Monoculture

What is the sequential production of two or more different crops from the same piece of land each year? One cropping Multiple cropping No cropping Some cropping

Multiple cropping

What is the growing of two or more crops together on the same piece of land during a growing season? Monoculture Bioculture Multiculture Polyculture

Polyculture

Because of the production of crop species with different rooting systems, there is greater opportunity for what? Recycling of minerals Recycling of nutrients Recycling of materials Recycling of bacteria

Recycling of nutrients

Rotations that include perennial legumes and grasses that provide year-round ground cover have dramatically increased water infiltration and reduced soil erosion compared to row cropping is what? Lots of soil erosion Reduced soil erosion Causes sun scald Reduces sun scald

Reduced soil erosion

The two components of biodiversity are what? Topsoil quality and subsoil quality Steadiness and Cleanness Plant difference and crop difference Richness and Evenness

Richness and Evenness

Due to enhanced soil fertility and pest control, unknown _______ occur that increase the yield of subsequent crops. Soil erosion Disking Tilling Rotation effects

Rotation effects

Disease and insect control is what? Rotations remove the hosts for raccoons and opossum Rotations remove the hosts for diseases and insects Rotations help the hosts for raccoons and opossum Rotations help the hosts for diseases and insects

Rotations remove the hosts for diseases and insects

What are rows of trees at the ends of fields that slow wind velocity and protect crops and buildings from wind erosion and wind damage? Homebelts Cover crops Alternate crops Shelterbelts

Shelterbelts

What is a polyculture strategy that involves growing crops in monocultures, in adjacent strips planted within a field? Mixed cropping No cropping Intercropping Strip cropping

Strip cropping

Agroforestry is a type of system where trees or shrubs are grown for harvest alongside other crops. True False

True

Biodiversity refers to all the species of living organisms in an agroecosystem that we will consider a whole farm. True False

True

Fertilizer systems can be developed to meet the nutrient needs of the crop by applying the nutrients at specific developmental stages. True False

True

Increased biodiversity is considered to be healthy for agricultural landscapes. True False

True

Riparian buffers are swaths of trees, shrubs, or grasses planted along the banks of streams, rivers, wetlands, or lakes. True False

True

The advantages of rotations are greatly influenced by the number, type, and sequence of crops in the rotation. True False

True

Switching crops helps break weed cycles and reduces weed populations is what? Weed Control Prescribed Burning Crop Control Seed Control

Weed Control

Specialized varieties are developed to efficiently use _______, ________, and other environmental resources. Heat, wetness Cold, wetness Light, moisture Dark, moisture

light, moisture