Chapter 13- Cropping system
With continuous cropping, the same crop is grown for how many years on the same land? 1 2 3 4
2
What and perennial grasses have been shown to be effective at reducing the nitrogen loss from tile drainage systems? Clover Sorghum Wheat Alfalfa
Alfalfa
What are two types of agroforestry? Alley cropping and Silvopasture No cropping and Silvopasture Alley cropping and Silvoforestry No cropping and Silvoforestry
Alley cropping and Silvopasture
Biodiversity also provides for a balance of _________ and _________ insects and other organisms. Useless and Harmless Useless and Harmless Beneficial and Harmless Beneficial and Harmful
Beneficial and Harmful
Cropping systems vary in their what?? Chemical makeup Biodiversity Character traits Physical makeup
Biodiversity
What is it called when a planned sequence of different crops grown over years on the same land? Crop Rotation Prescribed Burning Disking Tillage
Crop Rotation
Landscape through strategic placement of crops are called what? Conservation planting Restoration planting Cover planting Alternate planting
Conservation planting
This rotation is widely used in the Midwest to produce two high-value crops while still taking advantage of the benefits of rotation. Sudan-Sorghum (3-year rotation) Corn-Soybean (3-year rotation) Sudan-Sorghum (2-year rotation) Corn-Soybean (3-year rotation)
Corn-soybean (2-year rotation).
What is a type of multiple cropping? Alternate cropping Cover cropping Shade cropping Hover cropping
Cover cropping
What enable the management of crops so as to efficiently use the available climatic and soil resources? Weed systems Planting systems Cropping systems Seed systems
Cropping systems
Increased biodiversity provides resistance to crop failure due to what in weather, pests, or other catastrophes? Opposites Contraries Extremes Absolute
Extremes
Rotation effects occur that decrease the yield of subsequent crops. True False
False
Riparian buffers are also called what?
Filter strips
Chemicals such as herbicides, insecticides, and _______ can be used to target the specific weed, insect, and microbial pests of the monocrop. Bactericides Fungicides Pesticides A combination of herbicides and pesticides
Fungicides
What are grown for the primary purpose of plowing under to improve the soil quality through the addition of organic matter and nutrients? Green manure crop Yellow manure crop Brown manure crop White manure crop
Green manure crops
What uses crop rotations that include nitrogen-fixing legumes such as alfalfa and soybean can add nitrogen to the soil for the growth of subsequent crops Increase in soil fertility and soil quality Increase in fertility quality Decrease in soil fertility and soil quality. Decrease in fertility quality
Increase in soil fertility and soil quality.
what is polyculture also called? Outercropping Intercropping Nocropping Grainchopping
Intercropping
An increased diversity of crops growing on the same farm provides the potential for multiple revenue streams causes what? No risk Less risk More risk High risk
Less risk
Although soybean is a legume, its contribution of biologically fixed nitrogen is ________ because much of the fixed nitrogen is removed in the grain harvest. Extinct Plentiful Limited Threatened
Limited
What systems involve planting annual grain crops into a living but suppressed perennial sod that can recover following harvest of the grain crop? No Mulch Plenty Mulch Living Mulch Dead Mulch
Living Mulch
________ specialized for the crop can be used to maximize efficiency of crop planting and harvest. Machinery Technology Chemical Mechanical
Machinery
What is it called two or more crops are grown together at random? Mixed intercropping Mixed outercropping Multiple intercropping Multiple outercropping
Mixed intercropping
What type of systems involve growing a single crop within a field during the growing season? Monoculture Bioculture Multiculture Polyculture
Monoculture
What is the sequential production of two or more different crops from the same piece of land each year? One cropping Multiple cropping No cropping Some cropping
Multiple cropping
What is the growing of two or more crops together on the same piece of land during a growing season? Monoculture Bioculture Multiculture Polyculture
Polyculture
Because of the production of crop species with different rooting systems, there is greater opportunity for what? Recycling of minerals Recycling of nutrients Recycling of materials Recycling of bacteria
Recycling of nutrients
Rotations that include perennial legumes and grasses that provide year-round ground cover have dramatically increased water infiltration and reduced soil erosion compared to row cropping is what? Lots of soil erosion Reduced soil erosion Causes sun scald Reduces sun scald
Reduced soil erosion
The two components of biodiversity are what? Topsoil quality and subsoil quality Steadiness and Cleanness Plant difference and crop difference Richness and Evenness
Richness and Evenness
Due to enhanced soil fertility and pest control, unknown _______ occur that increase the yield of subsequent crops. Soil erosion Disking Tilling Rotation effects
Rotation effects
Disease and insect control is what? Rotations remove the hosts for raccoons and opossum Rotations remove the hosts for diseases and insects Rotations help the hosts for raccoons and opossum Rotations help the hosts for diseases and insects
Rotations remove the hosts for diseases and insects
What are rows of trees at the ends of fields that slow wind velocity and protect crops and buildings from wind erosion and wind damage? Homebelts Cover crops Alternate crops Shelterbelts
Shelterbelts
What is a polyculture strategy that involves growing crops in monocultures, in adjacent strips planted within a field? Mixed cropping No cropping Intercropping Strip cropping
Strip cropping
Agroforestry is a type of system where trees or shrubs are grown for harvest alongside other crops. True False
True
Biodiversity refers to all the species of living organisms in an agroecosystem that we will consider a whole farm. True False
True
Fertilizer systems can be developed to meet the nutrient needs of the crop by applying the nutrients at specific developmental stages. True False
True
Increased biodiversity is considered to be healthy for agricultural landscapes. True False
True
Riparian buffers are swaths of trees, shrubs, or grasses planted along the banks of streams, rivers, wetlands, or lakes. True False
True
The advantages of rotations are greatly influenced by the number, type, and sequence of crops in the rotation. True False
True
Switching crops helps break weed cycles and reduces weed populations is what? Weed Control Prescribed Burning Crop Control Seed Control
Weed Control
Specialized varieties are developed to efficiently use _______, ________, and other environmental resources. Heat, wetness Cold, wetness Light, moisture Dark, moisture
light, moisture