Chapter 13

Why did large numbers of Americans first move into Texas?

The Mexican government gave them financial incentives to colonize the region.

"Young America"

This was a movement within the Democratic Party; supporters hoped it would divert attention from the slavery controversies.

On what basis was Dred Scott suing for his freedom?

his residence in a free state and territory

Stephen F. Austin

this young immigrant from Missouri established the first legal American settlement in Texas in 1822.

The Compromise of 1850 included all of the following EXCEPT

the national government refused to pay the Texas debt.

Which of the following explain the issues involved in "Bleeding Kansas"?

"Bleeding Kansas": -the kansas-nebraska act of 1854 opened territories to slavery where it had been previously prohibited -"popular sovereignty" allowed a territory to choose its position on slavery when applying for statehood -the issue ignited passions that led to the physical beating of a senator

Charles Sumner

A Massachusetts senator who gave a particularly vicious antislavery speech entitled "The Crime Against Kansas"

forty-niners

A slang term for people who abandoned everything to go to the Far West in search of gold

Popular Sovereignty

A term coined by Stephen A. Douglas to represent a political solution to the expansion of slavery in the western territories that allowed settlers to decide the status of slavery for their territory

Tejanos

A term describing the Mexican residents of Texas

Manifest Destiny

An ideology holding that God or fate intended the United States to expand its dominion across the North American continent

What nation besides the United States claimed sovereignty over the Oregon Territory?

Britain

Which of the following describe the Dred Scott decision and its impact on the sectional crisis?

Dred Scott: -scott was initially declared free, but this decision was reversed by the state supreme court -Republicans in the North were furious about the decision -the U.S. supreme court stated that African Americans had no claim to citizenship

Sam Houston

He defeated the Mexican army at the Battle of San Jacinto.

Why did President Jackson refuse to annex Texas?

He feared it would increase tensions between the slave and free states.

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

He seized power in Mexico as dictator and also led troops in battle.

Zachary Taylor

He was a hero of the Mexican War who was elected president in 1848

Why was "Bleeding Kansas" such a significant escalation of sectional tensions in the United States?

It brought multiple examples of physical violence into the political arena.

The idea that God and history had selected America to expand its boundaries over the continent of North America was known as

Manifest Destiny

John Brown

One of the most fervent abolitionists in Kansas who was eventually hanged for his actions

Which of these describe how the decisions of President Polk intensified the sectional conflict?

Polk's Intensification of the Sectional Conflict: -going to war with Mexico, after which the resulting annexation was seen as an effort to expand slavery -proposing the extension of the Missouri compromise line through new territories to the West -Requesting $2 Million from congress for the purchase of peace with Mexico

The Alamo

Site of an American garrison in San Antonio where Texas "patriots" were annihilated

James K. Polk

Southern Democrats supported this candidate in the 1844 presidential election.

Which of the following accurately describe the boundary dispute over Oregon and which over Texas?

Texas: -this featured a dispute settled by a war -both sides argued a border based on a different river -The United States paid the financial claims of its own citizens as part of the resolution Oregon: -President Polk had offered a compromise that was initially rejected -Both sides settled on a boundary at the 49th parallel in order to avoid war -There had been "joint occupation" for two decades.

Why did Dred Scott lose his case in the U.S. Supreme Court?

The Court ruled that he could not sue for freedom because he was not a citizen.

Why did the Dred Scott decision case increase the sectional tensions between the North and the South?

The Court's ruling suggested that free states might not be able to prevent slaves from living within their borders.

Harpers Ferry

The site of a federal arsenal and the focus of John Brown's raid

Stephen A. Douglas

This Democratic senator from Illinois was responsible for the passage of what became known as the Compromise of 1850.

Compromise of 1850

This admitted California as a free state, formed territorial governments in the remaining lands acquired from Mexico with no slavery restrictions, abolished the slave trade in the District of Columbia, and provided for a new and more effective fugitive slave law.

Wilmot Proviso

This amendment prohibited slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

This effectively divided and destroyed the Whig Party, divided northern Democrats, and spurred the creation of a new party.

Dred Scott Decision

This effectively stated that a slave was not a citizen but was, instead, property and could not, therefore, bring a suit in the federal courts.

Free Soil Party

This emerged based on antislavery dissatisfaction with the 1848 presidential candidates

Gadsden Purchase

This resulted in adding parts of modern Arizona and New Mexico to U.S. territory.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

This resulted in the U.S. gaining California and New Mexico and established the boundary of Texas at the Rio Grande

Which of the following policies helped Polk get elected president in 1844?

annexation of both Texas and Oregon

The Kansas-Nebraska Act explicitly sought to repeal which of the following laws?

the Missouri Compromise

Passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act spurred the creation of which political party?

the Republicans

What was the primary motivating factor for the United States going to war with Mexico in the 1840s?

the United States's desire to claim both New Mexico and California

Which of the following events caused the Mexican government to negotiate a peace treaty with the United States in 1847?

the capture of Mexico City