Chapter 13

Until recently, athletes who have attempted to cheat by taking growth hormone (GH) thought it was undetectable. However, anti-doping agencies can now detect in blood samples because

the body produces multiple forms of the hormone, so by comparing the ratios of these different forms, it is possible to determine whether a pure synthetic form is present.

Nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones in that

they bind to a receptor on the outer surface of the cell membrane.

The following is a list of events involved in the activation of a cell by a steroid hormone. Which of the following answers best represents the order in which the steps occur? 1. cellular response to the hormone 2. activation of a gene 3. formation of a hormone-receptor complex 4. diffusion of the hormone through a target cell membrane 5. production of a protein

4, 3, 2, 5, 1

In females, LH promotes the monthly development of the egg and FSH causes release of the egg from the ovary.

False

Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels by stimulating the release of glucose from glycogen stores.

False

Somatostatin functions to inhibit both insulin and glucagon.

True

Steroid hormones typically move across the cell and nuclear membranes to bind to receptors in the nucleus.

True

Insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in

dwarfism

An individual, driving through his neighborhood, suddenly jams on his car brakes to avoid hitting a child who runs into the road after a ball. A few seconds later, the driver finds that he is shaking and his heart is pounding. This is primarily due to the secretion of

epinephrine from the adrenal medulla.

Which of the following organs is part of the forebrain?

hypothalamus

Uptake of blood glucose by liver cells is stimulated by

insulin.

Insulin helps regulate blood sugar at homeostatic levels by

promoting the entry of glucose into cells.

The international pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly & Company announced its decision to halt production of inhaled insulin product because

the public displayed virtually no interest in using the product.